Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Flows through the Manure Management Chain in China
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Flows through the Manure Management Chain in China
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b03348
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发表时间：
2016-12-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Fusuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bai, Zhaohai;Ma, Lin;Zhang, Fusuo
世界上最大的畜牧业产量和最大的化肥使用量发生在中国。然而，缺乏对通过粪便管理链的养分流动及其与管理相关措施的相互作用的量化。在这里，我们提供了一个详细的分析“饲料intake-excretion-housing-storage-treatment-application”粪便链中的养分流动和损失，同时考虑到畜牧业生产系统之间的差异。我们估计，2010年粪便链造成的环境损失高达排泄物氮的78%，排出物磷和钾的50%以上。最大的损失发生在住房和储存阶段，通过NH3排放(占总氮素损失的39%)和直接向水体或垃圾填埋场排放粪便(占总养分损失的30%-73%)。不同的畜牧生产系统有很大的差异，其中无地系统的粪便循环利用率最低。对2020年的情景分析表明，通过禁止粪便排放、改善粪便收集和储存基础设施以及改善农田粪肥应用，可以显著减少化肥使用量(27%-100%)和养分损失(27%-56%)。我们建议，目前针对化肥行业的政策和补贴应该转变，以降低粪便储存、运输和施用的成本。
The largest livestock production and greatest fertilizer use in the world occurs in China. However, quantification of the nutrient flows through the manure management chain and their interactions with management-related measures is lacking. Herein, we present a detailed analysis of the nutrient flows and losses in the "feed intake-excretion-housing-storage-treatment-application" manure chain, while considering differences among livestock production systems. We estimated the environmental loss from the manure chain in 2010 to be up to 78% of the excreted nitrogen and over 50% of the excreted phosphorus and potassium. The greatest losses occurred from housing and storage stages through NH3 emissions (39% of total nitrogen losses) and direct discharge of manure into water bodies or landfill (30-73% of total nutrient losses). There are large differences among animal production systems, where the landless system has the lowest manure recycling. Scenario analyses for the year 2020 suggest that significant reductions of fertilizer use (27-100%) and nutrient losses (27-56%) can be achieved through a combination of prohibiting manure discharge, improving manure collection and storages infrastructures, and improving manure application to cropland. We recommend that current policies and subsidies targeted at the fertilizer industry should shift to reduce the costs of manure storage, transport, and application.