Miniature biofuel cells
Miniature biofuel cells
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DOI：
10.1039/b313149a
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发表时间：
2004-01-21
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Heller, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heller, A
电化学电源的历史表明，只有当新的电气或电子系统的发展需要它们时，才引入电池或燃料电池。此时，已经建立的将可植入传感器-发射器系统小型化到小于1 mm（3）的体积的可行性，以及对局部温度、流量、压力和化学浓度的空间和时间分辨信息的需求，可能会产生对微型、低成本葡萄糖-O-2生物燃料电池的需求，该电池将为自主传感器-发射器供电数周。这些细胞的原型已经到手。它们最独特的特征是它们的结构简单，这是通过它们的“有线”酶催化剂的选择性而实现的：细胞仅由两个7 μ m直径的碳纤维组成，每个碳纤维涂覆有不同的“有线”酶生物电催化剂。一方面，在还原电位下催化葡萄糖的双电子电氧化，葡萄糖氧化酶被共固定在还原氧化还原电位的电子传导水凝胶中并通过其电连接（“连线”）。另一方面，催化O-2的四电子电还原为水，胆红素氧化酶被共同固定在氧化电位的电子导电水凝胶中并通过其电“连接”。这些牢房是有史以来最小的。当纤维的体积为0.0026mm（3）时，在37 ℃的生理缓冲溶液中，在0.52V下操作的电池的电流为8.3 μ A。电池的4.3 μ W功率输出预期足以用于植入传感器的操作和将收集的数据间歇性传输到外部接收器。
The history of electrochemical power sources shows that batteries or fuel cells were introduced only when the development of new electrical or electronic system demanded these. At this time, the already established feasibility of miniaturization of implantable sensor-transmitter systems to volumes smaller than 1 mm(3), and the demand for spatially and temporally resolved information on local temperature, flow, pressure and chemical concentrations, are likely to create a demand for a miniature, low cost glucose-O-2 biofuel cell that would power the autonomous sensor-transmitters for a few weeks. Prototypes of these cells are in hand. Their most unique feature which is their structural simplicity, is made possible by the selectivity of their "wired" enzyme catalysts: the cells consist merely of two 7 mum diameter carbon fibers, each coated with a different "wired" enzyme bioelectrocatalyst. On one, catalyzing the two-electron electrooxidation of glucose at a reducing potential, glucose oxidase is co-immobilized in and electrically connected ("wired") by an electron conducting hydrogel of a reducing redox potential. On the other, catalyzing the four electron electroreduction of O-2 to water, bilirubin oxidase is co-immobilized in and electrically "wired" by an electron conducting hydrogel of an oxidizing potential. The cells are the smallest ever built. When the volume of the fibers is 0.0026 mm(3), the current of the cell operating at 0.52 V in a physiological buffer solution at 37degreesC is 8.3 muA. The 4.3 muW power output of the cell is expected to suffice for the operation of implanted sensors and for the intermittent transmission of the data collected to an external receiver.