Peer Ostracism as a Sanction Against Wrongdoers and Whistleblowers
Peer Ostracism as a Sanction Against Wrongdoers and Whistleblowers
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DOI：
10.1007/s10551-020-04596-0
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发表时间：
2020-08-17
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Fayard, L. Dutch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curtis, Mary B.;Robertson, Jesse C.;Fayard, L. Dutch
对举报人的报复是一个众所周知的问题，但对于为什么没有参与其中的同事选择通过排斥进行报复，几乎没有解释。我们进行了两个实验，其中参与者扮演盗窃和随后举报的同行第三方观察者的角色。我们操纵禁令规范（公司政策在行为上是模棱两可的还是明确的）和描述性规范（其他人的行为是否相似）。两个实验(1)都支持我们基于社会直觉主义理论的理论模型的核心（Haidt in Psychol Rev 108:814-834, 2001），即对不法行为和检举行为的道德判断会影响每个行为者的感知好感度，并最终影响排斥每个行为者的意愿；(2)表明检举者比不法行为者更愿意排斥检举者。当我们在实验1中改变不当行为的规范时，我们发现描述性规范和禁令性规范间接地影响了排斥不法行为者和举报人的意愿。这些关系依次受到观察者对行为（不法行为或举报人）的道德判断和行动者（不法行为者或举报人）的受欢迎程度的调节。在实验2中，当我们改变检举行为的规范时，禁令性规范操纵影响了检举行为的道德判断，我们没有观察到规范操纵对不法行为或检举行为的道德判断有任何其他显著影响。
Retaliation against whistleblowers is a well-recognized problem, yet there is little explanation for why uninvolved peers choose to retaliate through ostracism. We conduct two experiments in which participants take the role of a peer third-party observer of theft and subsequent whistleblowing. We manipulate injunctive norms (whether company policy is ambiguous or unambiguous regarding the action) and descriptive norms (whether others behave similarly). Both experiments (1) support the core of our theoretical model, based on social intuitionist theory (Haidt in Psychol Rev 108:814-834, 2001), such that moral judgments of the acts of wrongdoing and whistleblowing influence the perceived likeability of each actor and ultimately influence intention to ostracize each actor and (2) indicate more willingness to ostracize the whistleblower than the wrongdoer. When we vary norms for the wrongdoing in Experiment 1, we find that descriptive and injunctive norms indirectly influence intentions to ostracize both the wrongdoer and whistleblower. These relationships are serially mediated by the observers' moral judgments of the act (wrongdoing or whistleblowing) and likeability of the actor (wrongdoer or whistleblower). When we vary norms for whistleblowing in Experiment 2, the injunctive norm manipulation affected moral judgment of the action of whistleblowing, and we do not observe any other significant effects of the norm manipulations on moral judgments of the actions of wrongdoing or whistleblowing.