From adoption claims to understanding farmers and contexts: A literature review of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption among smallholder farmers in southern Africa
From adoption claims to understanding farmers and contexts: A literature review of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption among smallholder farmers in southern Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.008
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
D'Souza, Shereen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersson, Jens A.;D'Souza, Shereen
这篇文献综述分析了南部非洲（马拉维、赞比亚和津巴布韦）小农户采用保护性农业的历史背景、20世纪90年代以来出现的保护性农业的各种定义、采用保护性农业的障碍以及采用数据和采用研究。首先作为水土保持措施进行测试，然后进行大规模推广，将保护性耕作重新定义为一套提高产量的做法。在南部非洲，对什么是保护性耕作以及如何推广保护性耕作的定义不同，这使得对整个区域采用保护性耕作的评估变得复杂，而在采用数据收集中，普遍使用的保护性耕作的简化概念-即采用最低限度耕作-使人对采用数据的有效性产生怀疑。由于保护性耕作的吸收往往也是通过推广项目提供的投入支持（化肥、种子、除草剂）来激励的，因此采用权的价值有限。目前的保护性农业采用研究在方法上很薄弱，因为它们受到所进行的推广项目背景的偏见，并且建立在标准家庭调查的农场规模分析的基础上。需要对农户及其资源配置战略进行更彻底的分析，以了解不同类型农民面临的农场一级采用限制。由于环境因素似乎对小农的耕作方式产生了关键影响，如果我们要了解南部非洲（有限的）保护性耕作的采用，还需要对更广泛的市场、制度和政策环境进行研究。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This literature review of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption among smallholder farmers in southern Africa (Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe) analyses the historical background of the upsurge in CA promotion, the various definitions of CA that have emerged since the 1990s, the barriers to its adoption, as well as uptake figures and adoption studies. First tested as soil and water conservation measures, large-scale promotion followed a reframing of CA as a production-enhancing set of practices. Different definitions of what constitutes and is promoted as CA in southern Africa complicates the assessment of adoption across the region, while a commonly used, reductionist notion of CA adoption - as the uptake of minimum tillage - in adoption data collection, casts doubts on the validity of adoption figures. As CA uptake is often also incentivized by means of input support (fertilizers, seeds, herbicides) provided by promotional projects, adoption claims have limited value. Current CA adoption studies are methodologically weak as they are biased by the promotional project context in which are carried out, and build on farm-scale analyses of standard household surveys. A more thorough analysis of farming households and their resource allocation strategies is required to understand the farm-level adoption constraints different types of farmers face. As contextual factors appear key influences on smallholders' farming practices, studies focusing on the wider market, institutional and policy context are also needed if we are to understand (limited) CA adoption in southern Africa. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.