Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Melanoma: A Review.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Melanoma: A Review.
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DOI：
10.5826/dpc.11s1a161s
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zalaudek I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conforti C;Zalaudek I
我们目前正在目睹世界范围内黑色素瘤发病率的增加。欧洲的发病率约为每10万人25例，而澳大利亚的发病率为每10万人60例。虽然20世纪80年代和90年代的流行病学曲线表明所有年龄组的黑色素瘤发病率增加，但最近10年的数据表明15至24岁的年轻人中薄黑色素瘤的发病率降低了5%。这表明初级预防运动产生了积极影响。与黑色素瘤相关的风险因素是不同的和多因素的：一方面，有遗传倾向，如在患有发育不良痣综合征，家族性黑色素瘤或家族性黑色素瘤综合征的患者中的风险增加所证明的;另一方面，紫外线和光型I-II之间的无保护的相互作用增加了发展黑色素瘤的风险，特别是在儿童年龄的晒伤的情况下。本文综述了黑色素瘤的流行病学和危险因素。
We are currently witnessing a worldwide increase in the incidence of melanoma. Incidence in Europe is about 25 cases per 100,000 population, while in Australia it reaches a rate of 60 new cases per 100,000. While the epidemiological curves of the 1980’s and 1990’s suggested an increase in the incidence of melanoma across all age groups, the last 10 years’ data indicates a 5% reduction in the incidence of thin melanoma in young individuals aged between 15 and 24. This suggests a positive impact of primary prevention campaigns. The risk factors associated with melanoma are different and multifactorial: on one hand there is a genetic predisposition, as evidenced by the increased risk in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome, with familial melanoma or familial melanoma syndromes; on the other hand, the unprotected interaction between UV rays and phototypes I–II increases the risk of developing melanoma, especially in case of sunburns in pediatric age. This review aims to summarize melanoma epidemiology and risk factors.