The influence of sex and empathy on putting oneself in the shoes of others
The influence of sex and empathy on putting oneself in the shoes of others
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DOI：
10.1348/000712609x457450
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Blanke, Olaf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohr, Christine;Rowe, Angela C.;Blanke, Olaf
我们测试了女性是否更容易设身处地为他人着想，这可能是个人同理心水平的函数，以及所呈现人物的性别是否可以调节任何性别差异。参与者（N 100，50 名女性）想象（a）处于正面和背面的女性和男性人物的空间位置（第三人称视角（3PP）任务）和（b）这些人物是他们自己的镜面反射（第一人称视角（1PP）任务）。在心里确定人物的位置后，人们决定人物所指示的手是他们自己的左手还是右手。与我们的假设相反，3PP 任务的结果显示女性的轮换成本高于男性，这表明采用了心理轮换而不是社交策略。然而，同理心得分较高的女性的更快反应似乎表明，无论人物的立场如何，一些女性都会采取社会观点采择策略。人物的性别与任务绩效相关，因为在 3PP 任务中观察到男性人物的轮换成本较高，而女性人物在 1PP 任务中的女性人物的轮换成本较高。我们认为，后面的这些发现表明，与特定社会和情感影响相关的人物的表现会受到促进和/或抑制。
We tested whether putting oneself in the shoes of others is easier for women, possibly as a function of individuals' empathy levels, and whether any sex difference might be modulated by the sex of presented figures. Participants (N 100, 50 women) imagined (a) being in the spatial position of front-facing and back-facing female and male figures (third person perspective (3PP) task) and (b) that the figures were their own mirror reflections (first person perspective (1PP) task). After mentally taking the figure's position, individuals decided whether the indicated hand of the figure would be their own left or right hand. Contrary to our hypothesis, results from the 3PP-task showed higher rotational costs for women than men, suggesting that mental rotation rather than social strategies had been employed. However, faster responding by women with higher empathy scores would appear to indicate that some women engaged social perspective taking strategies irrespective of the figures' position. Figures' sex was relevant to task performance as higher rotational costs were observed for male figures in the 3PP-task for both sexes and for female figures in the 1PP-task for women. We argue that these latter findings indicate that performance was facilitated and/or inhibited towards figures associated with specific social and emotional implications.