Enantioselective toxicities of chiral ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate to aquatic algae
Enantioselective toxicities of chiral ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate to aquatic algae
复制标题
手性离子液体1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐对水生藻类的对映选择性毒性
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.010
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Liu, Weiping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Hui;Zou, Yuqin;Liu, Weiping
随着手性离子液体作为绿色溶剂的广泛应用，其对水环境的威胁不容忽视。因此，风险评估和预期设计的本质安全的CIL已变得更加迫切。然而，对映体选择性是否是CIL的水生毒性的特征知之甚少。在此，我们描述了第一次调查CIL对绿色藻类栅藻和眼虫的生态毒性。以一系列阳离子部分具有不同烷基链、阴离子部分为乳酸盐对映体的甲基咪唑乳酸盐离子液体为代表。S.结果表明，L-（+）-1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐（L-（+）-EMIM L）的EC 50值大于5000 μ M，而D-（-）-1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐（D-（-）-EMIM L）的EC 50值为2255.21 μ M。这种明显的差异表明了CIL对藻类的对映选择性毒性。这种对映体选择性最初随着碳链长度的增加而持续存在，但当具有更大的碳链长度时不再表现出，这是由于阳离子部分的毒性权重的变化。进一步的研究表明，CILs的对映体选择性效应是由CILs作用后活性氧产生的差异、细胞膜完整性和细胞壁的损伤引起的。本研究的结果表明，对无菌CIL的监测将提供不充分或误导性的环境风险评估。因此，我们应该提高我们预测它们在自然环境中的影响的能力。同时，非选择性地使用CIL也会对水生生物造成危害。因此，为了最大限度地减少其对环境的潜在影响，应考虑具有短烷基链的CIL的对映选择性毒性。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
With the wide application of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) as green solvents, their threats to the aquatic environment cannot be ignored. Thus, risk assessment and the prospective design of inherently safe CILs have become more urgent. However, whether enantioselectivity is a feature of the aquatic toxicity of CILs is poorly understood. Herein, we describe the first investigation into the ecotoxicities of CILs toward green algae Scenedesmus obliquus and Euglena gracilis. A series of methylimidazolium lactic ionic liquids, which cation parts with different alkyl chains and anion part is enantiomers of lactate, are used as representative CILs. The results of S. obliquus showed that the EC50 value of L-(+)-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate (L-(+)-EMIM L) was more than 5000 mu M, while the EC50 value of D-(-)-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate (D-(-)-EMIM L) was 2255.21 mu M. Such a distinct difference indicates the enantioselective toxicity of CILs to algae. This enantioselectivity initially persisted with increasing carbon chain length, but no longer exhibited when with greater carbon chain lengths, due to changes in the toxicity weightings of the cation parts. Further research showed that the enantioselective effects of CILs resulted from the differences in the production of reactive oxygen species, the damage to cell membrane integrity and cell wall after exposure to CILs. Results from this study showed that monitoring for the racemate CILs will give an inadequate or misleading environmental risk assessment. Thus, we should improve our ability to predict their effects in natural environments. In the meantime, non-selective use of CILs will do harm to aquatic organisms. Therefore, to minimize their potential for environmental impact, the enantioselective toxicities of CILs with short alkyl chains should be taken into consideration. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.