Blood Supply of the Knee Joint: A Microangiographic Study in Children and Adults
Blood Supply of the Knee Joint: A Microangiographic Study in Children and Adults
复制标题
膝关节的血液供应：儿童和成人的微血管造影研究
DOI：
10.1097/00003086-198607000-00025
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
G. Leung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Shim;G. Leung
膝关节的血供来源于膝上级内、外侧动脉、膝中（后）动脉、膝下内、外侧动脉等5大恒定动脉的丰富吻合。膝降动脉和胫前返动脉也有吻合。这些分支在膝关节内和周围形成动脉瘤，同时注意到每个主要血管为特定区域提供各自的主要血液供应。儿童和成人膝关节血管化之间最明显的差异是血管分离和骨骺板区域的相对无血供;这种情况一直持续到骨骺板闭合。代表接骨板闭合密封的区域血管化不太丰富。股骨、胫骨髁和髌骨有丰富的骨内血供。同样，邻近和浅表软组织，包括主要韧带和髂胫束的外周部分，也有丰富的血管化。儿童血管分离的区域可能与骨骺损伤、生长畸形、Osgood-Schlatter病和血行性骨髓炎有关。在成人中，这些信息可能与胫骨高位截骨术、半月板和交叉韧带修复术以及使用半腱肌腱、阔筋膜或髌骨肌腱移植物的手术有关。
The knee joint blood supply is derived from a rich anastomosis of the five major constant arteries, namely, the superior medial and lateral, the middle (posterior), and the inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries. Anastomosis also occurs with descending genicular arteries and the anterior tibial recurrent artery. These branches form anastomoses in and around the knee joint, while each major vessel was noted to provide the respective major blood supply to specific areas. The most obvious difference between vascularization of child and adult knees was the separation of vessels and relative avascularity of epiphyseal plate areas; such persisted until closure of the epiphyseal plate. The regions representing the seals of plate closure had less rich vascularization. A rich intraosseous blood supply was defined in the femoral and tibial condyles and the patella. Similarly, the adjacent and superficial soft tissues, including major ligaments and peripheral parts of the menisci, were richly vascularized. Areas of separated vascularization in children may have relevance to epiphyseal injury, growth deformity, Osgood-Schlatter disease, and hematogenous osteomyelitis. In adults, such information may be relevant to high tibial osteotomy, meniscus and cruciate ligament repair, and surgery utilizing the semitendinosus tendon, fascia lata, or patella tendon grafts.