Conversion by retinoic acid of anterior cells into ZPA cells in the chick wing bud
Conversion by retinoic acid of anterior cells into ZPA cells in the chick wing bud
复制标题
鸡翅芽中前部细胞被视黄酸转化为 ZPA 细胞
作者：
N. Wanek;N. Wanek;D. Gardiner;K. Muneoka;K. Muneoka;S. Bryant
近年来，人们对视黄酸（RA）在脊椎动物肢体模式形成中的作用产生了极大的兴趣。当 RA 应用于鸡翅芽的前部时，会形成肢体图案的镜像复制，该图案与后部组织移植物（极化活动区或 ZPA）1 产生的图案相同。有人提出，沿小鸡肢体前后轴的位置由 ZPA2 产生的扩散因子的梯度指定。 RA 的 ZPA 模仿作用导致了这样的假设：外源应用的 RA 通过提供跨前后肢轴的分级空间信息来发挥作用 3,4。另一种解释是 RA 将前部细胞转变为 ZPA 细胞，ZPA 细胞反过来提供实际的模式复制刺激3-5；已经有一些初步证据表明这种情况发生了5。还提出了一种混合解释，即 ZPA 细胞响应 RA 暴露而形成，然后开始释放类维生素A，充当分级空间线索3。我们使用功能测定6来测试暴露于 RA 后鸡前翅芽细胞的 ZPA 活性。我们的研究结果表明，RA的作用是将前部细胞转变为ZPA细胞。此外，我们的结果表明，经过 RA 处理的前部细胞不太可能开始产生 RA，从而提供分级位置信号。
IN recent years there has been considerable interest in the role of retinoic acid (RA) in vertebrate-limb pattern formation. When RA is applied to the anterior of the chick wing bud, a mirror-image duplication of the limb pattern develops that is identical to the pattern resulting from grafts of posterior tissue (zone of polarizing activity, or ZPA)1. It has been proposed that position along the anterior-posterior axis in the chick limb is specified by a gradient of a diffusible factor produced by the ZPA2. The ZPA-mimicking action of RA has led to the hypothesis that exogenously applied RA acts by providing graded spatial information across the anterior-posterior limb axis3,4. An alternative interpretation is that RA changes anterior cells into ZPA cells, which in turn provide the actual pattern-duplicating stimulus3-5; there is already some preliminary evidence that this occurs5. A hybrid interpretation has also been suggested whereby ZPA cells are formed in response to RA exposure and then begin to release retinoids that act as graded spatial cues3. We have used a functional assay6 to test anterior chick wing-bud cells for ZPA activity after exposure to RA. The results of our studies indicate that the action of RA is to change anterior cells into ZPA cells. Further, our results indicate that it is unlikely that RA-treated anterior cells then begin producing RA in such a way as to provide a graded positional signal.
脊椎动物肢体形态发生的分子方法。
DOI：
10.1242/dev.107.supplement.121
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Smith,SM;Pang,K;Sundin,O;Wedden,SE;Thaller,C;Eichele,G
通讯作者：
Eichele,G