Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees
Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1038/nature04789
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发表时间：
2006-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Reich, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patterson, Nick;Richter, Daniel J.;Reich, David
两个物种之间的遗传分化时间在整个基因组中变化很大，传达了有关物种形成时间和过程的重要信息。在这里，我们开发了一个研究这种变异的框架，并将其应用于来自人类、黑猩猩、大猩猩和更远的灵长类动物的约2000万个碱基对的比对序列。人类和黑猩猩的遗传差异从平均水平的不到84%到超过147%不等，范围超过400万年。我们的分析还表明，人类-黑猩猩物种形成发生在不到630万年前，可能更近，这与一些对古代化石的解释相矛盾。最引人注目的是，X染色体显示了一个非常年轻的遗传分化时间，几乎沿着它的整个长度接近基因组最小值。如果人类和黑猩猩的血统最初出现分歧，然后在永久分离之前交换基因，那么这些意想不到的特征就可以解释了。
The genetic divergence time between two species varies substantially across the genome, conveying important information about the timing and process of speciation. Here we develop a framework for studying this variation and apply it to about 20 million base pairs of aligned sequence from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and more distantly related primates. Human-chimpanzee genetic divergence varies from less than 84% to more than 147% of the average, a range of more than 4 million years. Our analysis also shows that human-chimpanzee speciation occurred less than 6.3 million years ago and probably more recently, conflicting with some interpretations of ancient fossils. Most strikingly, chromosome X shows an extremely young genetic divergence time, close to the genome minimum along nearly its entire length. These unexpected features would be explained if the human and chimpanzee lineages initially diverged, then later exchanged genes before separating permanently.