Kidney toxicity of ingested uranium from drinking water
Kidney toxicity of ingested uranium from drinking water
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从饮用水中摄入铀对肾脏的毒性
DOI：
10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.002
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Auvinen, Anssi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurttio, Paivi;Harmoinen, Aimo;Auvinen, Anssi
背景：在实验环境中，铀对肾脏有毒，但对人体的影响尚不清楚。在某些人群中，从钻探井中取水是高铀暴露的一个来源。方法：测量了95名男性和98名女性的铀暴露水平，年龄在18至81岁之间，他们平均使用了16年的水井饮用水。尿n -乙酰- γ - d -氨基葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、γ -谷氨酰转移酶和谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶；血清胱抑素C；测定尿和血清钙、磷酸盐、葡萄糖和肌酐，以评估铀对肾细胞和肾功能可能产生的毒性作用。此外，测量仰卧位血压。使用线性回归对年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟和止痛药使用等因素进行校正，对铀暴露与结果变量之间的关系进行建模。结果：饮用水中铀浓度中位数为25 μ g/L（四分位数范围为5 ~ 148 μ g/L，最大值为1500 μ g/L）。细胞毒性和肾功能指标未显示肾损害的证据。10项肾毒性指标与尿、水、头发或脚趾甲中的铀没有统计学上的显著关联。铀暴露与舒张压和收缩压升高有关，累积铀摄入与尿中葡萄糖排泄增加有关。结论：从饮用水中持续摄入铀，即使相对较高的暴露量，也未发现对人体肾脏有细胞毒性作用。
Background: In experimental settings, uranium is toxic to kidneys, but effects on humans are unclear. Ingestion of water from drilled wells is a source of high uranium exposure in some populations. Methods: Uranium exposure was measured in 95 men and 98 women aged 18 to 81 years who had used drinking water from drilled wells for an average of 16 years. Urinary N-acetyl-gamma-D-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutathione-S-transferase; serum cystatin C; and urinary and serum calcium, phosphate, glucose, and creatinine were measured to evaluate possible toxic effects of uranium on kidney cells and renal function. In addition, supine blood pressure was measured. Associations between uranium exposure and the outcome variables were modeled by using linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and analgesic use. Results: Median uranium concentration in drinking water was 25 mu g/L (interquartile range, 5 to 148 mu g/L; maximum, 1,500 mu g/L). Indicators of cytotoxicity and kidney function did not show evidence of renal damage. No statistically significant associations with uranium in urine, water, hair, or toenails was found for 10 kidney toxicity indicators. Uranium exposure was associated with greater diastolic and systolic blood pressures, and cumulative uranium intake was associated with increased glucose excretion in urine. Conclusion: Continuous uranium intake from drinking water, even at relatively high exposures, was not found to have cytotoxic effects on kidneys in humans.