TRANSGLUTAMINASES - MULTIFUNCTIONAL CROSS-LINKING ENZYMES THAT STABILIZE TISSUES
TRANSGLUTAMINASES - MULTIFUNCTIONAL CROSS-LINKING ENZYMES THAT STABILIZE TISSUES
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DOI：
10.1096/fasebj.5.15.1683845
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
RICE, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GREENBERG, CS;BIRCKBICHLER, PJ;RICE, RH
转氨酶通过可用谷氨酰胺残基的转酰胺作用催化蛋白质的翻译后修饰。该作用主要导致形成γ-（γ-谷氨酰）赖氨酸交联，但也包括将多胺掺入合适的蛋白质底物中。共价异肽交联是稳定的并且对蛋白水解具有抗性，从而增加组织对化学、酶促和机械破坏的抗性。血浆转氨酶，因子XIIIa，在凝血部位形成，通过稳定纤维蛋白凝块阻止失血。构成皮肤的保护性愈伤组织层的鳞状上皮是通过角质形成细胞转氨酶（TG（K））和表皮转氨酶（TG（E））的作用形成的。组织转氨酶（TG（C））是一种存在于许多细胞（包括血管壁细胞）中的细胞质酶。TG（C）的功能尚不清楚，尽管它可以在多种生理或病理过程中稳定细胞内和细胞外分子。因子XIII、TG（C）和TG（K）的氨基酸序列确定它们为同源基因家族，并且还揭示了与红细胞膜蛋白条带4.2的惊人同源性。本文综述了该基因家族中最重要成员的结构、功能和进化。
Transglutaminases catalyze the posttranslational modifications of proteins by transamidation of available glutamine residues. This action results primarily in the formation of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links but includes the incorporation of polyamines into suitable protein substrates as well. The covalent isopeptide cross-link is stable and resistant to proteolysis, thereby increasing the resistance of tissue to chemical, enzymatic, and mechanical disruption. The plasma transglutaminase, factor XIIIa, is formed at sites of blood coagulation and impedes blood loss by stabilizing the fibrin clot. The squamous epithelium constituting the protective callus layer of skin is formed by the action of keratinocyte transglutaminase (TG(K)) and epidermal transglutaminase (TG(E)). The tissue transglutaminase (TG(C)) is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in many cells including those in the blood vessel wall. TG(C) function is unknown, although it could function to stabilize intra- and extra-cellular molecules in a wide variety of physiologic or pathologic processes. The amino acid sequences of factor XIII, TG(C), and TG(K) establish them as a homologous gene family and also reveal a striking homology to the erythrocyte membrane protein, band 4.2. This review summarizes the current information on structures, functions, and evolution of the most prominent members of this gene family.