Structural similarity exerts opposing effects on perceptual differentiation and categorization: an FMRI study.
Structural similarity exerts opposing effects on perceptual differentiation and categorization: an FMRI study.
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结构相似性对知觉分化和分类产生相反的影响：一项 FMRI 研究。
DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00748
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Joseph,JaneE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerlach,Christian;Zhu,Xun;Joseph,JaneE
我们根据物体是否代表同一物体（知觉匹配）或属于同一类别（概念匹配）来操纵物体之间的结构相似性程度。在行为上，在概念匹配过程中，表现随着结构相似性的增加而线性提高，但在感知匹配过程中，表现随着结构相似性的增加而线性下降。这些影响在fMRI记录中得到了反映，在匹配类型和结构相似性之间，几个腹侧后侧区域的激活表现出类似的相互作用。我们的研究结果直接支持了结构相似性对分类产生相反影响的观点，这取决于对象是被感知区分还是被分类——这一观点基于相当间接的证据。特别是，结构相似性在根据分类法对实例进行分类中起主要作用的发现，挑战了上级类别的组织不是由共享的结构特征驱动的观点。
We manipulated the degree of structural similarity between objects that had to be matched either according to whether they represented the same object (perceptual matching) or belonged to the same category (conceptual matching). Behaviorally, performance improved as a linear function of increased structural similarity during conceptual matching but deteriorated as a linear function of increased structural similarity during perceptual matching. These effects were mirrored in fMRI recordings where activation in several ventral posterior areas exhibited a similar interaction between match type and structural similarity. Our findings provide direct support for the notion that structural similarity exerts opposing effects on classification depending on whether objects are to be perceptually differentiated or categorized—a notion that has been based on rather circumstantial evidence. In particular, the finding that structural similarity plays a major role in categorization of instances according to taxonomy challenges the view that the organization of superordinate categories is not driven by shared structural features.