A Digital Toolkit (M-Healer) to Improve Care and Reduce Human Rights Abuses Against People With Mental Illness in West Africa: User-Centered Design, Development, and Usability Study.
A Digital Toolkit (M-Healer) to Improve Care and Reduce Human Rights Abuses Against People With Mental Illness in West Africa: User-Centered Design, Development, and Usability Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/28526
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发表时间：
2021-07-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ofori-Atta A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ben-Zeev D;Meller S;Snyder J;Attah DA;Albright L;Le H;Asafo SM;Collins PY;Ofori-Atta A
西非精神卫生保健系统的资源受到严重限制，导致大量精神卫生需求得不到满足。因此，患有精神疾病的人往往得到传统和信仰治疗师的护理。治疗师可能使用构成侵犯人权的做法，如鞭打、关进笼子、强迫禁食和用链子拴住。这项研究的目的是与加纳的治疗师合作开发一个智能手机工具包，以支持传播循证心理社会干预措施，并加强治疗师社区的人权意识。我们进行了现场观察和定性访谈治疗师，一组共同设计会议，内容开发和原型系统构建，和可用性测试。共有18名治疗师完成了个人访谈。与会者报告了他们对精神疾病的原因和治疗的理解。他们确定了他们选择使用机械束缚和其他胁迫做法的情况。参与者描述了使用基于智能手机的应用程序来帮助他们了解替代做法的开放性。共有12名治疗师参加了共同设计会议。在12名参与者中，有8名（67%）报告拥有智能手机。参与者报告说，他们更喜欢精神指导，但它是可以接受的，M-愈合者将提供大部分非精神内容。他们提供了谁应该被描述为工具包主角的建议，并按以下顺序排列了他们首选的内容交付方式：真人视频，动画视频，漫画和带有文本的静态图像。参与者观看了情绪板原型，并按以下顺序对他们喜欢的视觉设计进行了评分：宗教主题，自然主题，社区或医疗，以及加纳文化。培训内容分为多个模块，包括系统介绍、简要的心理健康干预措施、口头降级策略、指导放松技巧和人权培训。每个模块包含几个脚本的数字动画视频，用英语或Twi的音频叙述。模块菜单由触摸屏图标和一个单词或短语表示，以最大限度地方便识字能力有限的用户使用。共有12名参与者完成了M-Healer可用性测试。参与者评论说，他们喜欢应用程序的外观和功能，并理解内容。与会者报告说，信息和显示都很清楚。他们成功地导航了应用程序，但确定了几个可用性可以增强的领域。测试后可用性测量表明，参与者认为M-Healer是可行的、可接受的和可用的。这项研究是第一个为西非治疗师开发数字心理健康工具包的研究。让治疗师参与以用户为中心的开发，产生了一个可访问和可接受的资源。未来的实地测试将确定M-Healer是否可以改善治疗师的做法并减少侵犯人权的行为。
The resources of West African mental health care systems are severely constrained, which contributes to significant unmet mental health needs. Consequently, people with psychiatric conditions often receive care from traditional and faith healers. Healers may use practices that constitute human rights violations, such as flogging, caging, forced fasting, and chaining. The aim of this study is to partner with healers in Ghana to develop a smartphone toolkit designed to support the dissemination of evidence-based psychosocial interventions and the strengthening of human rights awareness in the healer community. We conducted on-site observations and qualitative interviews with healers, a group co-design session, content development and prototype system build-out, and usability testing. A total of 18 healers completed individual interviews. Participants reported on their understanding of the causes and treatments of mental illnesses. They identified situations in which they elect to use mechanical restraints and other coercive practices. Participants described an openness to using a smartphone-based app to help introduce them to alternative practices. A total of 12 healers participated in the co-design session. Of the 12 participants, 8 (67%) reported having a smartphone. Participants reported that they preferred spiritual guidance but that it was acceptable that M-Healer would provide mostly nonspiritual content. They provided suggestions for who should be depicted as the toolkit protagonist and ranked their preferred content delivery modality in the following order: live-action video, animated video, comic strip, and still images with text. Participants viewed mood board prototypes and rated their preferred visual design in the following order: religious theme, nature motif, community or medical, and Ghanaian culture. The content was organized into modules, including an introduction to the system, brief mental health interventions, verbal de-escalation strategies, guided relaxation techniques, and human rights training. Each module contained several scripted digital animation videos, with audio narration in English or Twi. The module menu was represented by touchscreen icons and a single word or phrase to maximize accessibility to users with limited literacy. In total, 12 participants completed the M-Healer usability testing. Participants commented that they liked the look and functionality of the app and understood the content. The participants reported that the information and displays were clear. They successfully navigated the app but identified several areas where usability could be enhanced. Posttesting usability measures indicated that participants found M-Healer to be feasible, acceptable, and usable. This study is the first to develop a digital mental health toolkit for healers in West Africa. Engaging healers in user-centered development produced an accessible and acceptable resource. Future field testing will determine whether M-Healer can improve healer practices and reduce human rights abuses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.11.012
发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Beauchemin, Melissa;Gradilla, Melissa;Schnall, Rebecca
通讯作者：
Schnall, Rebecca
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Iqbal, Z;Birchwood, M;Trower, P
通讯作者：
Trower, P
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ben-Zeev, Dror
通讯作者：
Ben-Zeev, Dror
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Gureje, O;Lasebikan, VO
通讯作者：
Lasebikan, VO
影响因子：
64.3
作者：
Gureje, Oye;Nortje, Gareth;Makanjuola, Victor;Oladeji, Bibilola D.;Seedat, Soraya;Jenkins, Rachel
通讯作者：
Jenkins, Rachel