Urban-Rural Differences in Disaster Resilience
Urban-Rural Differences in Disaster Resilience
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DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2016.1194740
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Emrich, Christopher T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cutter, Susan L.;Ash, Kevin D.;Emrich, Christopher T.
过去几年，抗灾能力的概念引起了政治领域和新闻媒体的关注，但对该概念的实证测量相对较少。此外，对城市抗灾能力的研究使我们对农村地区抗灾能力的理解相形见绌。这种对城乡差异的认知分裂成为本文的主题。我们采用一套空间和统计技术，利用既定的社区复原力衡量标准，即社区复原力基准指标（金砖四国），重点关注两个关键问题，以更好地解释美国城乡地区之间的复原力差距。非参数排名分析、方差分析和逻辑回归有助于描述农村地区与抗灾能力之间的关系（与城市地区的抗灾能力相比）。通过二元逻辑回归确定美国农村地区与美国大都市地区复原力的驱动因素或特征，揭示了显着的区别。城市地区的抗灾能力主要由经济资本驱动，而社区资本是农村地区抗灾能力最重要的驱动力。在农村地区，抗灾能力的组成部分存在相当大的空间差异。这表明，鉴于县级灾害复原力的主要驱动因素存在差异，无法采用一刀切的策略来尝试增强复原力。
The concept of disaster resilience has gained attention in political spheres and news outlets over the past few years, yet relatively few empirical measures of the concept exist. Furthermore, research into urban resilience has dwarfed our understanding of disaster resilience in rural places. This schism in what is known about the differences between urban and rural places becomes the topic of this article. Employing a suite of spatial and statistical techniques using an established measure of community resilience, the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), we focus on two key questions to better explain the resilience divide between urban and rural areas of the United States. Nonparametric rank analysis, analysis of variance, and logistic regression help describe the relationships between rurality and disaster resilience in contrast to resilience in urban areas. Pinpointing the driving factors, or characteristics, of resilience in rural America compared to metropolitan America, accomplished through binary logistic regression, revealed notable distinctions. Resilience in urban areas is primarily driven by economic capital, whereas community capital is the most important driver of disaster resilience in rural areas. Within rural areas there is considerable spatial variability in the components of disaster resilience. This suggests that attempts to enhance resilience cannot be approached using a one-size-fits-most strategy given the variability in the primary drivers of disaster resilience at county scales.