Contracting the 'mus cells'--does down-sizing suit us for diving into the memory pool?
Contracting the 'mus cells'--does down-sizing suit us for diving into the memory pool?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00920.x
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发表时间：
2010-07
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Hildeman DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurtulus S;Tripathi P;Opferman JT;Hildeman DA
T 细胞稳态的维持对于免疫系统的正常功能至关重要。胸腺细胞选择后，T 细胞进入外周淋巴器官，在那里它们作为初始细胞被维持。当初始 T 细胞经历抗原驱动的扩增并获得效应功能时，体内平衡会发生短暂破坏。然后效应 T 细胞要么发生凋亡（即群体水平的收缩），要么存活下来成为记忆细胞。这种细胞凋亡过程至关重要：它重置 T 细胞稳态、促进保护性免疫并限制自身免疫。尽管使用体外模型的初步研究支持死亡受体信号传导的作用，但最近的体内研究表明 Bcl-2 家族成员对于 T 细胞反应的剔除至关重要。虽然一些 Bcl-2 家族成员可能有助于 T 细胞收缩，但促凋亡分子 Bim 及其抗凋亡拮抗剂 Bcl-2 是该过程的重要调节剂。这篇综述讨论了我们在理解 T 细胞反应收缩的机制以及一些细胞如何避免这种细胞死亡并成为记忆 T 细胞方面取得的进展。
Maintenance of T-cell homeostasis is critical for normal functioning of the immune system. After thymocyte selection, T cells enter the peripheral lymphoid organs, where they are maintained as naive cells. Transient disruption of homeostasis occurs when naive T cells undergo antigen-driven expansion and acquire effector functions. Effector T cells then either undergo apoptosis (i.e. contraction at the population level) or survive to become memory cells. This apoptotic process is crucial: it resets T-cell homeostasis, promotes protective immunity, and limits autoimmunity. Although initial studies using in vitro models supported a role for death receptor signaling, more recent in vivo studies have implicated Bcl-2 family members as being critical for the culling of T-cell responses. While several Bcl-2 family members likely contribute to T-cell contraction, the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim and its anti-apoptotic antagonist Bcl-2 are essential regulators of the process. This review discusses the progress made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying contraction of T-cell responses and how some cells avoid this cell death and become memory T cells.