Childhood drowning in Georgia: A geographic information system analysis
Childhood drowning in Georgia: A geographic information system analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.10.006
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Shakir, Malaika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Dajun;Zhang, Yingzhi;Shakir, Malaika
溺水是美国儿童因意外伤害而死亡的主要原因之一。本研究旨在通过水生环境描绘溺水热点地区，并研究高密度社区的社会经济特征。 0-17 岁儿童溺水死亡记录（2002-2008 年）来自佐治亚州儿童倡导者办公室。首先根据种族、性别、年龄、水生环境、个人漂浮装置的使用情况以及水池的安全性对溺水受害者进行分析。本文利用核密度估计和 LISA 统计，分别通过密度和速率来描绘淹没簇。然后，通过多重比较检验、普通最小二乘法 (OLS) 回归和地理加权回归 (GWR)，使用各种社会经济因素对高密度社区进行调查。结果显示，大多数受害者是白人、男性和0-4岁的儿童。私人游泳池和开放水域是两个主要的溺水地点。与白人相比，黑人在公共游泳池和 5 至 14 岁儿童中溺水的可能性更高。私人泳池和0-4岁儿童的白人受害者多于黑人。格鲁吉亚的溺水密度和发生率存在显着的空间差异。与低密度群体相比，高密度溺水社区的县内中位收入排名显着较低（p < 0.01），教育程度排名也较低。 GWR 结果表明这种关联在空间上有所不同。这项研究强调了不同社会经济因素在溺水风险因素相互关联中的作用。研究结果表明，卫生政策和预防活动可以根据不同当地社区的特定水生类型和风险因素进行定制。 (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Drowning is one of the major causes of childhood mortality from unintentional injury in the United States. This study aims to delineate the drowning hot spots by aquatic environment and to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods with high densities. Drowning death records (2002-2008) among children aged 0-17 were obtained from the Office of the Child Advocate in Georgia. Drowning victims are initially analyzed by race, gender, age, aquatic environment, use of a personal floatation device, and the security of a pool. Using kernel density estimation and LISA statistics, this paper delineates drowning clusters by density and rate respectively. High-density neighborhoods are then investigated using a variety of socioeconomic factors by multiple-comparison test, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The result shows that the majority of victims were white, male, and children aged 0-4. Private swimming pools and open water were two leading drowning places. Blacks were more likely to drown in public swimming pools and in children aged 5-14 than white counterparts. Private swimming pools and children aged 0-4 have seen more white victims than blacks. Substantial spatial variation in drowning density and rate is present in Georgia. High-density drowning neighborhoods had a significantly lower rank of median income (p < 0.01) and lower rank of educational attainment in their counties than the low-density group. The GWR results suggest such associations vary in space. This study highlights the role of different socioeconomic factors in the interconnections of drowning risk factors. Findings suggest that health policies and prevention campaigns may be customized based on specific aquatic types and risk factors in different local communities. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.