Breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family: The 2002 National Immunization Survey
Breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family: The 2002 National Immunization Survey
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2004-0481
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Grummer-Strawn, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, RW;Darling, N;Grummer-Strawn, LM
目标。2001年第三季度，国家免疫调查开始收集关于母乳喂养开始和持续时间的数据，以及母乳喂养是否是婴儿喂养的唯一方法的数据。这项研究使用了2002年NIS的数据，根据孩子、母亲或家庭的特征估计了美国的母乳喂养率。NIS使用随机数字拨号对全国19至35个月大的儿童进行疫苗接种的家庭进行调查，然后通过对提供疫苗的医疗保健提供者的邮件调查来验证信息。2002年，来自NIS的近3500个家庭被随机分为3个涵盖母乳喂养的轮换主题模块之一。超过三分之二(71.4%)的儿童曾接受过母乳喂养。3个月时，42.5%的婴儿接受纯母乳喂养，51.5%的婴儿接受不同程度的母乳喂养。6个月后，这两个比率分别降至13.3%和35.1%。1岁时，16.1%的婴儿接受母乳喂养。非西班牙裔黑人儿童的母乳喂养率最低。母乳喂养率也因参加日托或妇女、婴儿和儿童计划、社会经济地位和居住地而有所不同。尽管美国的母乳喂养率接近75%的国家目标，但产后6个月和12个月的母乳喂养率仍远低于国家分别为50%和25%的目标。此外，纯母乳喂养率很低。需要作出艰苦的公共卫生努力来改善母乳喂养行为，特别是在非西班牙裔黑人妇女和社会经济弱势群体中。
Objective. In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whether it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using the data from the 2002 NIS, this study estimates breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family.Methods. The NIS uses random-digit dialing to survey households nationwide with children 19 to 35 months old about vaccinations and then validates the information through a mail survey of the health care providers who gave the vaccinations. In 2002, similar to3500 households from the NIS were randomized to 1 of the 3 rotating topical modules that covered breastfeeding.Results. More than two thirds (71.4%) of the children had ever been breastfed. At 3 months, 42.5% of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 51.5% were breastfed to some extent. At 6 months, these rates dropped to 13.3% and 35.1%, respectively. At 1 year, 16.1% of infants were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic black children had the lowest breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding rates also varied by participation in day care or the Women, Infants, and Children program, socioeconomic status, and geographic area of residence.Conclusions. Although the rate of breastfeeding initiation in the United States is near the national goal of 75%, at 6 and 12 months postpartum the rates of breastfeeding duration are still considerably below the national goals of 50% and 25%, respectively. In addition, rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding behaviors, particularly among non-Hispanic black women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.