Making It New Again: Insight Into Liver Development, Regeneration, and Disease From Zebrafish Research.

Making It New Again: Insight Into Liver Development, Regeneration, and Disease From Zebrafish Research.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.012
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sadler KC
Sadler KC
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang S;Miller SR;Ober EA;Sadler KC

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大多数脊椎动物的成年肝脏主要由肝细胞组成。然而,这些细胞必须与胆道细胞、星状细胞、血管细胞和免疫细胞协同工作,才能完成生理稳态所需的大量肝脏功能。随着斑马鱼作为研究胚胎发生的理想脊椎动物系统的出现,我们对肝脏发育的理解加快了。通过对斑马鱼和其他模型的研究,我们现在清楚地知道,在胚胎发生过程中,肝脏细胞通过一套复杂但尚未完全理解的分子指导方针以一种协调的方式发育。斑马鱼的研究已经发现了许多控制肝潜能获得、细胞命运和可塑性的关键因素。虽然罕见,但一些肝胆疾病——尤其是胆道闭锁——是由发育缺陷引起的;我们讨论了如何利用斑马鱼研究肝脏发育的研究告知了我们对肝脏疾病的理解和方法。肝脏可因一系列应激源而受损,这些应激源包括病毒、机械/手术、毒素诱导、免疫介导或先天代谢缺陷。肝脏因此进化出了有效修复和再生的能力。我们讨论了利用斑马鱼研究肝脏再生的新兴领域,并强调了斑马鱼遗传学和成像方法的最新进展,这些进展为细胞可塑性如何促进肝脏再生提供了新的见解。
The adult liver of most vertebrates is predominantly comprised of hepatocytes. However, these cells must work in concert with biliary, stellate, vascular and immune cells to accomplish the vast array of hepatic functions required for physiological homeostasis. Our understanding of liver development was accelerated as zebrafish emerged as an ideal vertebrate system to study embryogenesis. Through work in zebrafish and other models, it is now clear that the cells in the liver develop in a coordinated fashion during embryogenesis through a complex yet incompletely understood set of molecular guidelines. Zebrafish research has uncovered many key players that govern the acquisition of hepatic potential, cell fate and plasticity. Although rare, some hepatobiliary diseases – especially biliary atresia - are caused by developmental defects; we discuss how research using zebrafish to study liver development have informed our understanding of and approaches to liver disease. The liver can be injured in response to an array of stressors including viral, mechanical/surgical, toxin-induced, immune-mediated, or inborn defects in metabolism. The liver has thus evolved the capacity to efficiently repair and regenerate. We discuss the emerging field of using zebrafish to study liver regeneration and highlight recent advances where zebrafish genetics and imaging approaches have provided novel insights into how cell plasticity contributes to liver regeneration.
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