Land slide disaster in eastern Uganda: rapid assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene situation in Bulucheke camp, Bududa district.
Land slide disaster in eastern Uganda: rapid assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene situation in Bulucheke camp, Bududa district.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-10-38
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发表时间：
2011-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bazeyo W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Atuyambe LM;Ediau M;Orach CG;Musenero M;Bazeyo W
2010年3月1日，乌干达东部的埃尔贡山发生了一次重大滑坡。这是由持续三个多月的暴雨引发的。山体滑坡掩埋了布达达地区的三个村庄，造成400多人死亡，约5000人流离失所。迫切需要对水、环境卫生和个人卫生进行全面评估，以便为乌干达卫生部和救济、备灾和难民部的干预措施提供信息。这是一项横断面研究，在灾难发生两周后收集定性和定量数据。定量访谈涉及397名户主，定性方法包括27次关键信息提供者访谈、4次焦点小组讨论和观察。调查量化了水安全（收集、处理、储存）和卫生习惯。此外，还补充了侧重于社区对水和卫生需求和做法的看法和信念的定性数据，并对其进行了三角测量。定量数据输入Epi-Info Version 3.2.2软件，导出到SPSS Version 12进行分析。生成汇总统计和比例，并对选定的变量进行双变量分析。以95%置信区间的比值比评估相关性。定性资料采用内容分析法进行分析。定性结果表明，在水的使用和人类排泄物的处理方面有很强的传统信仰。据观察，家庭用水使用马纳夫瓦河可能导致疾病暴发。据报道，这条河的水更美味，社区文化认为没有必要煮沸饮用水。厕所很少（5000人有23个）、浅、脏（70%报告有苍蝇，60%报告有粪便）、不按性别分开、隐私有限，夜间没有灯光。这影响了它们的使用。男性使用厕所后用肥皂洗手的可能性是女性的3倍（OR = 3.584, 95%CI: 1.658-7.748）。90%的答复者表示他们在使用厕所后总是洗手，76%的答复者表示他们使用水和肥皂。观察表明，洗手设施的水和肥皂供应不一致。这种情况影响了人们的环境卫生和个人卫生行为。近一半（48%）的人表示，自抵达营地以来，至少有一名家庭成员生病至少一次。营地里没有足够的安全用水。对大多数人来说，坑式厕所不足，维护不善，不方便使用。主管当局应设计办法，增加和维持获得安全用水的机会，增加卫生设施，并继续教育公众必须遵守良好的卫生习惯。
On 1st March 2010, a major landslide occurred on Mt. Elgon in Eastern Uganda. This was triggered by heavy rains that lasted over three months. The landslide buried three villages in Bududa district, killing over 400 and displacing an estimate of 5,000 people. A comprehensive assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene was urgently needed to inform interventions by the Ministries of Health, and Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Refugees, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional study where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected two weeks after the disaster. Quantitative interviews involved 397 heads of households and qualitative methods comprised of 27 Key Informant interviews, four focus group discussions and observations. The survey quantified water safety (collection, treatment, storage) and hygiene practices. This was supplemented and triangulated with qualitative data that focused on community perceptions and beliefs regarding water and sanitation needs and practices. Quantitative data was entered in Epi-Info Version 3.2.2 software and then exported to SPSS Version 12 for analysis. Summary statistics and proportions were generated and bi-variable analysis performed for selected variables. Associations were assessed using odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Qualitative results showed that there were strong traditional beliefs governing water use and human excreta disposal. The use of river Manafwa water for household consumption was observed to potentially lead to disease outbreaks. Water from this river was reported tastier and the community culturally saw no need to boil drinking water. Latrines were few (23 for 5000 people), shallow, dirty (70% reported flies, 60% fecal littering), not separated by sex and had limited privacy and no light at night. This affected their use. Males were 3 times more likely to wash hands with soap after latrine use than females (OR = 3.584, 95%CI: 1.658-7.748). Of the 90% respondents who indicated that they always washed hands after latrine use, 76% said they used water and soap. Observations showed that water and soap were inconsistently available at the hand washing facilities. This situation influenced people's sanitation and hygiene behaviours. Nearly half (48%) indicated that at least a member of their household had fallen sick at least once since arrival at the camp. There was inadequate access to safe water in the camp. Pit-latrines were inadequate, poorly maintained and not user-friendly for most people. Responsible authorities should design means of increasing and sustaining access to safe water, increase sanitation facilities and continuously educate the public on the need to observe good hygiene practices.