Application of air classification and formulation to manage feedstock cost, quality and availability for bioenergy
Application of air classification and formulation to manage feedstock cost, quality and availability for bioenergy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.040
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Vicki S. Thompson;J. Lacey;Damon S. Hartley;M. Jindra;John E. Aston;D. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vicki S. Thompson;J. Lacey;Damon S. Hartley;M. Jindra;John E. Aston;D. Thompson
农业残余物、能源作物和庭院废物等生物质具有用作生产燃料、化学品和能源的可再生原料的巨大潜力。然而，在特定地点，生物质的可用性、成本和质量可能存在显着差异。必须确定并实施管理这些特性的策略，以便全年向生物炼制厂提供一致的低成本和高质量原料。在这项研究中，我们研究了空气分级作为减轻玉米秸秆、柳枝稷和草屑中高灰分浓度的方法。然后使用配制技术以尽可能低的成本生产符合灰分质量和生物质数量规格的混合物，用于生物能源和生化转化应用。研究发现，空气分级可以将生物质分离成轻质馏分，其中含有大量因土壤污染而引入的元素灰分成分，如钠、氧化铝、二氧化硅、铁和二氧化钛；以及这些成分贫乏并且总灰分含量相对较低的重馏分。人们发现玉米秸秆和草屑的轻质部分适合燃烧应用，因为它们比整个生物质材料更不易结渣。然后，玉米秸秆或草屑的剩余重部分可以与柳枝稷混合，生产出符合生化转化建议的 5% 总灰分规格的混合物。然而，由于草屑的灰分含量高，三种原料的三元混合物是不可能的。经确定，由于灰分含量高，空气分级本身不适合制备这些用于热解的原料。
Biomass such as agricultural residues, energy crops and yard waste has significant potential to be used as renewable feedstocks for production of fuels, chemicals and energy. However, in a given location, biomass availability, cost and quality can vary markedly. Strategies to manage these traits must be identified and implemented so that consistent low-cost and high-quality feedstocks can be delivered to biorefineries year round. In this study, we examine air classification as a method to mitigate high ash concentrations in corn stover, switchgrass, and grass clippings. Formulation techniques were then used to produce blends that met ash quality and biomass quantity specifications at the lowest possible cost for biopower and biochemical conversion applications. It was found that air classification can separate the biomass into light fractions which contain concentrated amounts of elemental ash components introduced through soil contamination such as sodium, alumina, silica, iron and titania; and heavy fractions that are depleted in these components and have relatively lower total ash content. Light fractions of corn stover and grass clippings were found to be suitable for combustion applications since they had less propensity to slag than the whole biomass material. The remaining heavy fractions of corn stover or grass clippings could then be blended with switchgrass to produce blends that met the 5% total ash specifications suggested for biochemical conversions. However, ternary blends of the three feedstocks were not possible due to the high ash content of grass clippings. It was determined that air classification by itself was not suitable to prepare these feedstocks for pyrolysis due to high ash content.