Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem carbon fluxes in a broadleaved forest in Northern Germany
Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem carbon fluxes in a broadleaved forest in Northern Germany
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00884.x
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Herbst, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kutsch, WL;Liu, CJ;Herbst, M
采用涡旋协方差法、林分调查和模型研究了位于德国北部（53°47′n -10°36′e）的成熟阔叶林的碳通量。自20世纪80年代以来，这片森林一直遵循以自然为导向的林业理念进行管理。这项研究的目标之一是测试管理的改变是否会导致碳固存的增加。这片森林里有几种阔叶树。根据风向的不同，涡旋协方差数据的提取区域以不同树种为主。从塔数据中可以区分出以橡树、山毛榉或桤木/白蜡树为主的三个子图。在每个子样地中，定义了30 x 30 m(2)的区域来分析叶面积指数、凋落物和木材生物量的增加。自旋协方差分析表明，与山毛榉样地和桤木/白杨样地(分别为-1470和-1595 g C m(-2) yr（-1）相比，栎树样地的总初级生产力（GPP’）(-1794 g C m（-2) yr(-1)）更高。总生态系统呼吸（TER）以桤木/白杨为主亚样区最高(1401 g C m(-2) yr(-1))，其次为栎树样区和山毛榉样区(分别为1235和1174 g C m（-2) yr(-1)）。由此产生的净生态系统生产力（NEP）在橡树为主的亚样地为-559 g cm (-2) yr(-1)，山毛榉样地为-295 g cm (-2) yr(-1)，桤木/白杨样地为-193 g cm (-2) yr（-1）。根据林分调查和模拟，橡树、山毛榉和桤木/白杨样地的净初级生产力分别为1103、702和671 g C m（-2）年（-1）。随凋落物的碳通量在栎树地最高（343 g C m(-2) yr），在桤木/白杨地最低(197 g m(-2) yr(-1))，山毛榉地在两者之间(228 g m（-2) yr(-1)）。结果表明，凋落物比例随GPP的增加而增加，在中等临时尺度下，3种林分的固碳能力不同。与常规管理的森林相比，只有由最古老的树木和最结构的树冠组成的栎林的碳固存量增加。
Carbon fluxes were investigated in a mature deciduous forest, located in Northern Germany (53degrees47'N-10degrees36'E), by means of eddy-covariance technique, stand survey and models. This forest has been managed following a concept of nature-oriented forestry since the 1980s. One of the goals of the study was to test whether changed management led to increased carbon sequestration. The forest contains several broadleaved tree species. Depending on wind direction, the fetch-area of the eddy-covariance data was dominated by different tree species. Three subplots dominated by Oak, Beech or Alder/Ash could be distinguished from the tower data. In each of these subplots, 30 x 30 m(2) areas were defined to analyse leaf area index, litterfall and the increase of the wood biomass.Eddy-covariance analysis showed that the gross primary productivity (GPP') was higher in the Oak subplot (-1794 g C m(-2) yr(-1)) in comparison with the Beech plot and the Alder/Ash plot (-1470 and -1595 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively). The total ecosystem respiration (TER) was the highest in the Alder/Ash-dominated subplot (1401 g C m(-2) yr(-1)) followed by the Oak plot and the Beech plot (1235 and 1174 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively). The resulting net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was -559 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the Oak-dominated subplot, -295 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the Beech plot and -193 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for the Alder/Ash plot.From Stand survey and modelling, the net primary productivity was estimated as 1103, 702 and 671 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in the Oak, Beech and Alder/Ash plot, respectively. Also carbon flux with litterfall was the highest in the Oak plot 343 g C m(-2) yr(-1) and lowest in Alder/Ash plot (197 g m(-2) yr(-1)) with the Beech plot in between (228 g m(-2) yr(-1)). The observations indicate an increase of the proportion of litterfall with increasing GPP' and a different ability of carbon sequestration of the three stands in medium temporary scale. Only in the Oak stand that comprised the oldest trees and the most structured canopy the carbon sequestration was increased compared with conventionally managed forests.