Mountain lakes: Eyes on global environmental change
Mountain lakes: Eyes on global environmental change
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.04.001
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发表时间：
2019-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
K. Moser;J. Baron;J. Brahney;I. Oleksy;J. Saros;E. J. Hundey;S. Sadro;J. Kopáček;R. Sommaruga;M. Kainz;A. Strecker;S. Chandra;D. Walters;D. Preston;N. Michelutti;F. Lepori;S. Spaulding;K. Christianson;J. Melack;J. Smol
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Moser;J. Baron;J. Brahney;I. Oleksy;J. Saros;E. J. Hundey;S. Sadro;J. Kopáček;R. Sommaruga;M. Kainz;A. Strecker;S. Chandra;D. Walters;D. Preston;N. Michelutti;F. Lepori;S. Spaulding;K. Christianson;J. Melack;J. Smol
高山湖泊通常位于自然保护区内，这一特点使其成为全球环境变化的哨兵。尽管纬度存在差异，但高山湖泊有许多共同特征，包括它们位于地形梯度陡峭、气温寒冷、高入射太阳和紫外线辐射 (UVR) 以及长期冰雪覆盖的流域内。这些特征反过来又影响高山湖泊生态系统的结构、多样性和生产力。这些湖泊本身大多很小，而且直到最近，仍被认为是贫营养的。本文对越来越多的研究进行了回顾和更新，这些研究表明偏远山区湖泊的沉积物记录了区域和全球环境变化，包括与气候变化、改变的生物地球化学循环、灰尘成分和沉积的变化、大气施肥和生物操纵有关的变化。这些档案提供了早于典型监测窗口的全球环境变化的重要记录。在战略选择的湖泊中进行的古湖泊学研究增加了我们对多种压力源之间的相互作用及其对湖泊系统的协同效应的了解。山区陡峭气候（即温度和有效湿度）梯度横断面的湖泊显示了环境变化如何改变邻近但气候起点不同的湖泊。此类研究特别强调了冰川融化对高山湖泊的影响。新代理的增加，包括基于 DNA 的技术和先进的稳定同位素分析，为解决有关全球环境变化的新研究问题提供了一个途径。遥感和连续、高频、湖泊学测量的最新进展将提高空间和时间分辨率，并有助于增加包括热带和南部纬度在内的空间差距的记录。高山湖泊记录为全球规模评估提供了独特的机会，从而提供保护地球系统所需的知识。
Mountain lakes are often situated in protected natural areas, a feature that leads to their role as sentinels of global environmental change. Despite variations in latitude, mountain lakes share many features, including their location in catchments with steep topographic gradients, cold temperatures, high incident solar and ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and prolonged ice and snow cover. These characteristics, in turn, affect mountain lake ecosystem structure, diversity, and productivity. The lakes themselves are mostly small, and up until recently, have been characterized as oligotrophic. This paper provides a review and update of the growing body of research that shows that sediments in remote mountain lakes archive regional and global environmental changes, including those linked to climate change, altered biogeochemical cycles, and changes in dust composition and deposition, atmospheric fertilization, and biological manipulations. These archives provide an important record of global environmental change that pre-dates typical monitoring windows. Paleolimnological research at strategically selected lakes has increased our knowledge of interactions among multiple stressors and their synergistic effects on lake systems. Lakes from transects across steep climate (i.e., temperature and effective moisture) gradients in mountain regions show how environmental change alters lakes in close proximity, but at differing climate starting points. Such research in particular highlights the impacts of melting glaciers on mountain lakes. The addition of new proxies, including DNA-based techniques and advanced stable isotopic analyses, provides a gateway to addressing novel research questions about global environmental change. Recent advances in remote sensing and continuous, high-frequency, limnological measurements will improve spatial and temporal resolution and help to add records to spatial gaps including tropical and southern latitudes. Mountain lake records provide a unique opportunity for global scale assessments that provide knowledge necessary to protect the Earth system.