Kinematics of the Q3S ATD in a Child Restraint Under Far-Side Impact Loading
Kinematics of the Q3S ATD in a Child Restraint Under Far-Side Impact Loading
复制标题
远侧冲击载荷下儿童约束系统中 Q3S ATD 的运动学
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Schneider
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. D. Klinich;Nichole L. Ritchie;M. Manary;M. Reed;Nicholas Tamborra;L. Schneider
采用Q3S拟人化测试装置（ATD）和ECE R44雪橇进行了一系列雪橇试验，研究了儿童约束系统（CRS）和儿童乘员在远侧碰撞中的运动学。采用一款敞篷CRS车型，采用24 km/hr、20 g脉冲进行测试，比较前向（FF）和后向（RF）两种配置下的ATD和CRS对横向载荷的响应。研究了初始手臂姿势对ATD运动的影响。其余的试验考察了将CRS固定在汽车座椅上的各种方法如何影响CRS和ATD的横向运动。测试使用了FF配置的4个锚固点和RF配置的3个锚固点。此外，CRS的安装采用了不同的车辆皮带约束和LATCH系统组合。手臂位置影响ATD运动学，包括头部偏移。将手臂置于ATD一侧，而不是向前倾斜或伸展，可减少头部侧向偏移约30毫米。在FF测试中，使用3点带与肩带固定在受影响侧相比，使用肩带可以最大程度地减少头部侧向偏移。在FF测试中使用系绳也减少了最大头部偏移。在射频测试中，使用任何类型的LATCH都比仅使用搭带的传统安装减少了头部偏移。在射频配置中，一些系绳配置减少了ATD的头部偏移。除了评估头部偏移，儿童约束装置内的头部保持也被注意到。将ATD头固定在CRS内的关键是尽量减少CRS绕垂直轴的旋转。这是通过刚性的LATCH下部附件、带肩带固定在受影响侧的三点式带或带搭带的反向带路径在FF方向实现的。在任何射频测试中，ATD头均未保留在CRS内。
A series of sled tests was performed using the Q3S anthropomorphic test device (ATD) and the ECE R44 sled buck to study child restraint system (CRS) and pediatric occupant kinematics in far-side impacts. Using one model of convertible CRS, tests were performed using a 24 km/hr, 20 g pulse to compare ATD and CRS response to lateral loading in both forward-facing (FF) and rearward-facing (RF) configurations. The effects of initial arm postures on the ATD’s motion were examined. Remaining tests examined how various methods of securing the CRS to the vehicle seat affect lateral movement of the CRS and ATD. Tests were run using four tether anchorage locations for the FF configuration and three tether anchorage locations for the RF configuration. In addition, the CRS was installed using different combinations of vehicle belt restraints and LATCH systems. Arm position influences ATD kinematics, including head excursion. Placing the arms at the ATD’s side, rather than angled or extended forward, reduced lateral head excursions by about 30 mm. In FF tests, using the 3-point-belt with the shoulder belt anchored on the impacted side provided the greatest reduction in lateral head excursion compared to a lapbelt only condition. Using a tether in FF tests also reduced maximum head excursion. In RF tests, using any type of LATCH reduced head excursion compared to conventional installation with only a lap belt. In a RF configuration, some tether configurations reduced head excursion of the ATD. In addition to evaluating head excursion, head retention within the child restraint was also noted. The key to retaining the ATD head within the CRS is to minimize rotation of the CRS about a vertical axis. This was achieved in a FF orientation through rigid LATCH lower attachments, a 3-point belt with the shoulder belt anchored on the impacted side, or a reverse belt path with a lap belt. The ATD head was not retained within the CRS in any of the RF tests.