The impact of energy systems demands on pressure limited CO 2 storage in the Bunter Sandstone of the UK Southern North Sea
The impact of energy systems demands on pressure limited CO 2 storage in the Bunter Sandstone of the UK Southern North Sea
复制标题
能源系统需求对英国北海南部 Bunter 砂岩压力有限 CO 2 储存的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.08.014
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Agada S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agada S
英国需要通过国家技术经济途径减少碳排放，以履行《巴黎协定》规定的脱碳义务。使用能源系统模型的分析表明，碳捕获和储存是英国以最低成本实现减排目标的关键技术。有可能显着改善后，在这些模型中使用的CO2存储系统的代表性，但一个给定的水库系统的敏感性，未来的发展途径必须进行评估。为了调查这一点，我们产生了一系列的数值模拟的CO2注入到英国北海南部的本特砂岩，被认为是最重要的区域含水层CO2存储。该方案调查的敏感性CO2存储区域发展的特点，包括注入站点和CO2注入的目标速率的数量。这使得能够评估一系列部署可能性的影响，反映能源系统分析中可能探讨的一系列情景。结果表明，由于局部压力增加，在达到目标注入速率时遇到的限制大于2 MtCO 2/年现场。由于Bunter Sandstone模型具有良好的区域连通性，因此注入点的区域位置对结果的影响很小。相反，由于极限压力和岩石静压力梯度之间的关系，场地的深度是控制CO2注入极限的最重要因素。通过将油藏模拟与平均油藏压力和近场压力的分析模型进行比较，探讨了模型简化的可能性。数值模拟结果与Zhou等人（2008年）的“闭箱”分析模型估计的50年注入期内的平均压力恢复相匹配。使用Mathias等人（2011年）公式估算各个站点的压力恢复，并与模拟响应进行比较。数值模拟中的不一致性主要是由于多个注入点信号的相互作用和渗透率的不均匀性造成的。这些问题应成为能源系统分析框架内进一步开发CO2储存简化模型的重点。
National techno-economic pathways to reduce carbon emissions are required for the United Kingdom to meet its decarbonisation obligations as mandated by the Paris Agreement. Analysis using energy systems models indicate that carbon capture and storage is a key technology for the UK to achieve its mitigation targets at lowest cost. There is potential to significantly improve upon the representation of the CO2storage systems used in these models, but sensitivities of a given reservoir system to future development pathways must be evaluated. To investigate this we generate a range of numerical simulations of CO2injection into the Bunter Sandstone of the UK Southern North Sea, considered to be one of the most important regional aquifers for CO2storage. The scenarios investigate the sensitivity of CO2storage to characteristics of regional development including number of injection sites and target rates of CO2injection. This enables an evaluation of the impact of a range of deployment possibilities reflecting the range of scenarios that may be explored in an energy system analysis. The results show that limitations in achieving target injection rates are encountered at rates greater than 2 MtCO2/year-site due to local pressure buildup. The areal location of injection sites has minimal impact on the results because the Bunter Sandstone model has good regional connectivity. Rather, the depth of the site is the most important factor controlling limits on CO2injection due to the relationship between the limiting pressure and the lithostatic pressure gradient. The potential for model simplification is explored by comparison of reservoir simulation with analytical models of average reservoir pressure and near-site pressure. The numerical simulations match average pressure buildup estimated with the “closed-box” analytical model of Zhou et al. (2008) over a 50 year injection period. The pressure buildup at individual sites is estimated using the Mathias et al. (2011) formulation and compared to the simulation response. Discrepancies in the match are mostly due to the interaction of signals from multiple injection sites and heterogeneous permeability in the numerical simulations. These issues should be the focus of further development of simplified models for CO2storage in an energy systems analysis framework.