Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography
Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography
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DOI：
10.1038/s41398-019-0443-4
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发表时间：
2019-03-15
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Ouchi, Yasuomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fukai, Mina;Bunai, Tomoyasu;Ouchi, Yasuomi
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）已被证实是一种有效的、无创的调节认知功能的方法。然而，在tDCS下引起这些认知变化的机制在很大程度上仍然未知。我们试图通过研究tDCS激活的多巴胺系统是否参与人类参与者的认知变化来阐明tDCS条件下的认知生物学关系。为了评估多巴胺系统，我们使用了[C-11]-raclopride正电子发射断层扫描（PET）： 20名健康男性接受了两次[C-11]-raclopride PET扫描和随后的神经心理测试。tDCS后对DLPFC进行一次扫描。一组在假刺激后进行（对照组）。[C-11]-raclopride PET测量结果表明，tDCS对DLPFC引起右侧腹侧纹状体多巴胺释放。注意力的神经心理学测试显示，tDCS对dlpfc的影响提高了参与者的准确性。此外，这种效果与多巴胺释放显著相关。这一发现提供了临床生物学证据，证明tDCS在腹侧纹状体增强多巴胺信号与注意力增强有关。
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been established as an effective and noninvasive method to modulate cognitive function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms causing those cognitive changes under the tDCS remain largely unknown. We strove to elucidate the cognito-biological relation under the tDCS condition by examining whether the dopamine system activated by tDCS is involved in cognitive changes in human participants, or not. To evaluate the dopamine system, we used [C-11]-raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) scanning: 20 healthy men underwent two [C-11]-raclopride PET scans and subsequent neuropsychological tests. One scan was conducted after tDCS to the DLPFC. One was conducted after sham stimulation (control). Results of [C-11]-raclopride PET measurements demonstrate that tDCS to the DLPFC caused dopamine release in the right ventral striatum. Neuropsychological tests for attentiveness revealed that tDCS to the DLPFC-enhanced participants' accuracy. Moreover, this effect was correlated significantly with dopamine release. This finding provides clinico-biological evidence, demonstrating that enhancement of dopamine signaling by tDCS in the ventral striatum is associated with attention enhancement.