Biodiversity in a box: three non-native invertebrates preferentially find refugia in green space management infrastructure across urban Los Angeles
Biodiversity in a box: three non-native invertebrates preferentially find refugia in green space management infrastructure across urban Los Angeles
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-023-03044-0
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发表时间：
2023-04-26
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Shaffer，H. Bradley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beninde，Joscha;Vendetti，Jann E. E.;Shaffer，H. Bradley
在南加州，灌溉基础设施是城市绿色空间管理的先决条件，阀箱被广泛安装以管理水流。这些地下塑料盒保护阀门和歧管，为连接管道创造空间，并提供稀缺的生态资源-提高湿度和躲避潜在的捕食者。我们提供了第一个系统的调查阀箱的生物多样性，并评估其在建立非本地物种的作用。我们进行了全面的调查蛞蝓和蜘蛛避难所的栖息地元素，包括落叶，裂缝，腐烂的日志和其他覆盖对象，和阀箱，在城市大洛杉矶和邻近的荒地地区。我们发现，阀箱包括几乎所有的调查栖息地的三个常见的非本地物种，包括两个蛞蝓在genusAmbigolimax和蜘蛛在genusSteatoda。在85个站点中的83个站点，我们仅在阀箱中检测到这些物种，而不是在任何其他栖息地元素中。虽然阀箱在城市地区比荒地地区更常见，但在荒地地区的检测也主要限于阀箱。所有这些物种共享的偏好，湿度水平升高，我们推测，引进蛞蝓和蜘蛛类群内灌溉基础设施可能是一个普遍的特点，许多城市地区，特别是在相对干燥的气候与当地高密度的阀箱。在这些条件下，灌溉基础设施可能会促进整个城市化世界需要高湿度的非本地物种的建立和持续存在，并可能有助于它们的世界性分布。
In Southern California, irrigation infrastructure is a prerequisite for urban green space management, and valve boxes are installed widely to manage water flow. These below-ground, plastic boxes protect valves and manifolds, create space for connecting pipes, and present a scarce ecological resource—elevated humidity and shelter from potential predators. We provide the first systematic survey of the biodiversity of valve boxes and evaluate their role in the establishment of non-native species. We conducted comprehensive surveys of slug and spider refugial habitat elements, including leaf litter, crevices, decaying logs and other cover objects, and valve boxes, across urban Greater Los Angeles and adjacent wildland areas. We found that valve boxes comprised nearly all of the surveyed habitat for three common non-native species, including two slugs in the genusAmbigolimaxand a spider in the genusSteatoda. At 83 of 85 sites, we detected these species only in valve boxes and not in any other habitat elements. While valve boxes were significantly more frequent in urban than wildland areas, detections in wildland areas were also largely restricted to valve boxes. All of these species share a preference for elevated levels of humidity, and we speculate that introduced slug and spider taxa within irrigation infrastructure may be a general feature of many urban areas, especially in relatively xeric climates with locally high densities of valve boxes. Under these conditions, irrigation infrastructure likely facilitates the establishment and persistence of non-native species requiring high humidity throughout the urbanized world, and could contribute to their cosmopolitan distribution.