Transformations that affect fate, form and bioavailability of inorganic nanoparticles in aquatic sediments
Transformations that affect fate, form and bioavailability of inorganic nanoparticles in aquatic sediments
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DOI：
10.1071/en14273
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Galloway, Tamara S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cross, Richard Kynaston;Tyler, Charles;Galloway, Tamara S.
环境背景工程纳米材料的使用越来越多，它们释放到水生环境中会带来潜在风险。我们回顾了工程纳米材料在水生沉积物环境中转化的研究，并考虑了其释放的影响。确定了决定工程纳米材料在水体和沉积物系统中命运的关键因素。 摘要 无机纳米颗粒由于其功能、用途和处置方法而面临释放到水生环境中的风险。水生沉积物预计将成为此类工程纳米材料（ENM）排放的巨大潜在汇。当 ENM 进入水体时，它们会经历一系列取决于周围环境的物理化学性质的转变，因为它们从地表水进入沉积物并进入沉积物生物体。本综述评估了水生环境中金属基 ENM 转化的研究现状，并考虑了这些转化对 ENM 的命运和持久性及其对底栖生物的生物利用度的影响。我们确定了以下在水体系统中 ENM 的命运途径中至关重要的因素：（1）在许多水生系统中普遍存在的细胞外聚合物，创造了 ENM 向底栖生物的时间通量的潜力，目前在预测模型中尚未得到解释。 (2) 对于大于 500nm 的较大聚集体，沉积物颗粒上的弱二次沉积可能主导沉积物与 ENM 的相互作用，从而可能赋予沉积物内 ENM 的动态长期流动性。 (3) 腐殖酸存在下的硫化、聚集和还原可能会限制沉积物中可溶性 ENM 的溶解离子的存在。 (4) 根据生态系统功能和 ENM 暴露潜力来确定主要底栖物种。根据这些发现，我们建议未来的研究领域，通过增强我们对 ENM 所经历的转变及其可能产生的影响的了解，支持前瞻性风险评估。
Environmental context Engineered nanomaterials are increasingly being used and their release to the aquatic environment poses potential risk. We review the research on transformations of engineered nanomaterial in the aquatic sediment environments, and consider the implications of their release. The key factors defining the fate of engineered nanomaterials in aqueous and sediment systems are identified.Abstract Inorganic nanoparticles are at risk of release into the aquatic environment owing to their function, use and methods of disposal. Aquatic sediments are predicted to be a large potential sink for such engineered nanomaterial (ENM) emissions. On entering water bodies, ENMs undergo a range of transformations dependent on the physicochemical nature of the immediate environment, as they pass from the surface waters to sediments and into sediment-dwelling organisms. This review assesses the current state of research on transformations of metal-based ENMs in the aquatic environment, and considers the implications of these transformations for the fate and persistence of ENMs and their bioavailability to organisms within the benthos. We identify the following factors of key importance in the fate pathways of ENMs in aqueous systems: (1) extracellular polymeric substances, prevalent in many aquatic systems, create the potential for temporal fluxes of ENMs to the benthos, currently unaccounted for in predictive models. (2) Weak secondary deposition onto sediment grains may dominate sediment-ENM interactions for larger aggregates >500nm, potentially granting dynamic long-term mobility of ENMs within sediments. (3) Sulfurisation, aggregation and reduction in the presence of humic acid is likely to limit the presence of dissolved ions from soluble ENMs within sediments. (4) Key benthic species are identified based on their ecosystem functionality and potential for ENM exposure. On the basis of these findings, we recommend future research areas which will support prospective risk assessment by enhancing our knowledge of the transformations ENMs undergo and the likely effects these will have.