Orogen-scale transpression accounts for GPS velocities and kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes

Orogen-scale transpression accounts for GPS velocities and kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes
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造山带规模变形解释了安第斯山脉南部的 GPS 速度和运动分区

DOI:
10.1038/s43247-021-00241-4
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.9
通讯作者:
Riller
Riller
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Eisermann;Göllner;Riller

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南安第斯山脉被认为是由倾斜板块汇聚形成的典型俯冲造山带。然而,关于上板中的变形如何在运动学上分配存在相当大的不确定性。在这里,我们使用在 MultiBox(多功能模拟盒)装置中进行的模拟实验来研究南安第斯山脉南部 34°S 至 42°S 之间的右旋转压。我们发现模型中的压裂主要是由两个突出的断层组引起的;压裂带-平行右旋斜滑逆断层和左旋斜滑逆断层。后者可能相当于西北走向的断层,据信起源于前安第斯山脉。我们还在实验中对可变的地壳强度进行了建模,发现 37°S 以北的地壳较强,而南部的地壳较弱,可以最好地再现观测到的 GPS 速度场。我们认为,安第斯山脉南部的压变形是通过分布式变形来调节的,而不是少数边缘平行断层上的局部位移。
The Southern Andes are regarded as a typical subduction orogen formed by oblique plate convergence. However, there is considerable uncertainty as to how deformation is kinematically partitioned in the upper plate. Here we use analogue experiments conducted in theMultiBox(Multifunctional analogue Box) apparatus to investigate dextral transpression in the Southern Andes between 34 °S and 42 °S. We find that transpression in our models is caused mainly by two prominent fault sets; transpression zone-parallel dextral oblique-slip thrust faults and sinistral oblique-slip reverse faults. The latter of these sets may be equivalent to northwest-striking faults which were believed to be pre-Andean in origin. We also model variable crustal strength in our experiments and find that stronger crust north of 37 °S and weaker crust to the south best reproduces the observed GPS velocity field. We propose that transpression in the Southern Andes is accommodated by distributed deformation rather than localized displacements on few margin-parallel faults.
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