Reconciling nutritional geometry with classical dietary restriction: Effects of nutrient intake, not calories, on survival and reproduction.
Reconciling nutritional geometry with classical dietary restriction: Effects of nutrient intake, not calories, on survival and reproduction.
复制标题
将营养几何与经典饮食限制相协调：营养摄入（而不是卡路里）对生存和繁殖的影响。
作者：
Moatt JP
饮食限制（DR）是研究动物寿命和衰老机制的主要实验范式之一。然而，导致DR的确切营养参数仍不清楚。最近，营养几何框架（GF）的出现使人们的兴趣从卡路里重新集中到饮食宏量营养素上。然而，GF实验主要集中在无脊椎动物，大量营养素在脊椎动物中的重要性仍存在广泛争议。这导致了关于脊椎动物和无脊椎动物之间DR的作用模式存在根本差异的建议，质疑进化保守机制的建议。在GF研究中使用饮食稀释而不是限制，使得与传统DR研究的比较变得困难。在这里，我们使用一种新的非模式脊椎动物系统（棘鱼，棘鱼），在使用GF和避免饮食稀释的情况下，我们测试了常量营养素与卡路里摄入量对关键健康相关性状的影响。我们发现大量营养素的摄入而不是卡路里决定了死亡风险和繁殖。摄入中等脂肪的男性死亡风险最低，而摄入低蛋白质的女性死亡风险普遍降低。大量营养物质的摄入对繁殖的影响在两性之间是相似的，高蛋白质摄入量使繁殖最大化。据我们所知，我们的结果提供了第一个证据，证明在没有饮食稀释的情况下，常量营养素（而不是热量）的摄入预测了死亡率和繁殖的变化。这支持了饮食对寿命影响的进化守恒的建议，但通过常量营养素摄入量的变化而不是卡路里的变化。
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the main experimental paradigms to investigate the mechanisms that determine lifespan and aging. Yet, the exact nutritional parameters responsible for DR remain unclear. Recently, the advent of the geometric framework of nutrition (GF) has refocussed interest from calories to dietary macronutrients. However, GF experiments focus on invertebrates, with the importance of macronutrients in vertebrates still widely debated. This has led to the suggestion of a fundamental difference in the mode of action of DR between vertebrates and invertebrates, questioning the suggestion of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. The use of dietary dilution rather than restriction in GF studies makes comparison with traditional DR studies difficult. Here, using a novel nonmodel vertebrate system (the stickleback fish,Gasterosteus aculeatus), we test the effect of macronutrient versus calorie intake on key fitness‐related traits, both using the GF and avoiding dietary dilution. We find that the intake of macronutrients rather than calories determines both mortality risk and reproduction. Male mortality risk was lowest on intermediate lipid intakes, and female risk was generally reduced by low protein intakes. The effect of macronutrient intake on reproduction was similar between the sexes, with high protein intakes maximizing reproduction. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that macronutrient, not caloric, intake predicts changes in mortality and reproduction in the absence of dietary dilution. This supports the suggestion of evolutionary conservation in the effect of diet on lifespan, but via variation in macronutrient intake rather than calories.