How innate is locomotion in precocial animals? A study on the early development of spatio-temporal gait variables and gait symmetry in piglets
How innate is locomotion in precocial animals? A study on the early development of spatio-temporal gait variables and gait symmetry in piglets
复制标题
早熟动物的运动能力是如何与生俱来的？
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.157693
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
C. Van Ginneken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Vanden Hole;J. Goyens;S. Prims;E. Fransen;Miriam Ayuso Hernando;S. V. Van Cruchten;P. Aerts;C. Van Ginneken
运动是动物最重要的生态功能之一。早熟动物，如猪，在出生后不久就能独立运动。这就提出了一个问题，这些动物的协调运动模式和潜在的肌肉控制是否完全是先天的，或者是否仍然存在快速成熟。为了解决这个问题，我们通过分析新生猪在自我选择速度运动时的时空步态特征来研究其步态发展。为此，我们在几个时间点（从0小时到96小时）对仔猪沿着走廊行走进行了录像。数字化后，我们分析了自选速度和时空特征（如步幅和步长、步频和占空因子），以研究动态相似性、肢内协调和肢间协调。为了评估步态模式的可变性，研究了左右不对称性。为了区分神经运动成熟和生长引起的影响，绝对数据和归一化数据（根据动态相似性概念）都被纳入分析。归一化时空变量均在出生后4 h内达到稳定值，2 h后大部分变化不大。大多数不对称指数在出生后8 h内呈现稳定值，徘徊在10%左右。这些结果表明，协调的运动模式并不完全是先天的，但快速的神经运动成熟，也可能是现有运动模块重排或重组的结果，发生在这些早熟动物身上。仔猪的协调运动模式并不完全是天生的；相反，快速的神经运动成熟也发生在这些早熟动物身上。
ABSTRACT Locomotion is one of the most important ecological functions in animals. Precocial animals, such as pigs, are capable of independent locomotion shortly after birth. This raises the question whether coordinated movement patterns and the underlying muscular control in these animals is fully innate or whether there still exists a rapid maturation. We addressed this question by studying gait development in neonatal pigs through the analysis of spatio-temporal gait characteristics during locomotion at self-selected speed. To this end, we made video recordings of piglets walking along a corridor at several time points (from 0 h to 96 h). After digitization of the footfalls, we analysed self-selected speed and spatio-temporal characteristics (e.g. stride and step lengths, stride frequency and duty factor) to study dynamic similarity, intralimb coordination and interlimb coordination. To assess the variability of the gait pattern, left–right asymmetry was studied. To distinguish neuromotor maturation from effects caused by growth, both absolute and normalized data (according to the dynamic similarity concept) were included in the analysis. All normalized spatio-temporal variables reached stable values within 4 h of birth, with most of them showing little change after the age of 2 h. Most asymmetry indices showed stable values, hovering around 10%, within 8 h of birth. These results indicate that coordinated movement patterns are not entirely innate, but that a rapid neuromotor maturation, potentially also the result of the rearrangement or recombination of existing motor modules, takes place in these precocial animals. Highlighted Article: Coordinated movement patterns in piglets are not entirely innate; instead, rapid neuromotor maturation also takes place in these precocial animals.
DOI：
10.1002/9781119113713
发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Bertram
通讯作者：
J. Bertram
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Neptune RR;Clark DJ;Kautz SA
通讯作者：
Kautz SA