Bono Made Jesse Helms Cry: Jubilee 2000, Debt Relief, and Moral Action in International Politics
Bono Made Jesse Helms Cry: Jubilee 2000, Debt Relief, and Moral Action in International Politics
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波诺让杰西·赫尔姆斯哭泣：2000 年禧年、债务减免和国际政治中的道德行动
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Joshua W. Busby
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作者：
Joshua W. Busby
国家和决策者是否出于道德原因行事？如果他们这样做，是否只有在方便或成本相对较低的情况下才这样做？ 20 世纪 90 年代出现了一些关于发展中国家债务减免、气候变化、地雷和其他问题的倡导运动，要求决策者在此基础上做出外交政策决定。主要倡导者的动机不是他们自己的物质利益，而是更广泛的是非观念。是什么促使国内接受这些道德承诺？为什么有些倡导努力成功而另一些却失败了？通过对发展中国家债务减免 2000 年禧年运动的案例研究，本文介绍了倡导者如何基于战略框架进行说服，以引起决策者的注意。这种战略性但并非狭隘自利的活动允许弱者利用现有的价值和/或理念传统来建立更广泛的政治联盟。本文通过对美国和日本债务减免的案例研究，还将有关战略框架的新兴文献与国内制度背景以及否决者或“政策看门人”评估成本与价值之间权衡的方式联系起来。
Do states and decision-makers ever act for moral reasons? And if they do, is it only when it is convenient or relatively costless for them to do so? A number of advocacy movementsFon developing country debt relief, climate change, landmines, and other issuesFemerged in the 1990s to ask decision-makers to make foreign policy decisions on that basis. The primary advocates were motivated not by their own material interests but broader notions of right and wrong. What contributes to the domestic acceptance of these moral commitments? Why do some advocacy efforts succeed where others fail? Through a case study of the Jubilee 2000 campaign for developing country debt relief, this article offers an account of persuasion based on strategic framing by advocates to get the attention of decision-makers. Such strategic but not narrowly self-interested activity allows weak actors to leverage existing value and/ or ideational traditions to build broader political coalitions. This article, through case studies of debt relief in the United States and Japan, also links the emerging literature on strategic framing to the domestic institutional context and the ways veto players or ‘‘policy gatekeepers’’ evaluate trade-offs between costs and values.