Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world
Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world
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DOI：
10.1890/070062
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Ramankutty, Navin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, Erle C.;Ramankutty, Navin
人类从根本上改变了全球生物多样性和生态系统进程的格局。令人惊讶的是，现有的系统来表示这些全球模式，包括生物群落分类，要么完全忽略人类，要么将人类的影响简化为最多四个类别。在这里，我们提出了第一个表征陆地生物群落的基础上持续的，直接的人类与生态系统的相互作用的全球模式。通过对全球人口、土地利用和土地覆盖的实证分析，确定了18个“人类生物群落”。地球上超过75%的无冰土地显示出人类居住和土地使用的改变，只有不到四分之一的土地仍然是荒地，仅支持11%的陆地净初级生产。人为生物群系通过承认人类对全球生态系统的影响，并将我们推向整合人类和生态系统的陆地生物圈模型和调查，提供了一条新的前进道路。
Humans have fundamentally altered global patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Surprisingly, existing systems for representing these global patterns, including biome classifications, either ignore humans altogether or simplify human influence into, at most, four categories. Here, we present the first characterization of terrestrial biomes based on global patterns of sustained, direct human interaction with ecosystems. Eighteen "anthropogenic biomes" were identified through empirical analysis of global population, land use, and land cover. More than 75% of Earth's ice-free land showed evidence of alteration as a result of human residence and land use, with less than a quarter remaining as wildlands, supporting just 11% of terrestrial net primary production. Anthropogenic biomes offer a new way forward by acknowledging human influence on global ecosystems and moving us toward models and investigations of the terrestrial biosphere that integrate human and ecological systems.