Characterization of electrical penetration graphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in sweet orange seedlings
Characterization of electrical penetration graphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in sweet orange seedlings
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00937.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Lopes, J. R. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonani, J. P.;Fereres, A.;Lopes, J. R. S.
柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama（半翅目：木虱科）的探测行为对了解韧皮部限制性细菌（柑橘韧皮部细菌属）的传播过程至关重要。与柑桔黄龙病的关系。在本研究中，我们研究了D。citri对甜橙（Citrus sinensis（L.）奥斯贝克湾采用电穿透图（EPG-DC系统）技术对芸香科植物Pera进行了研究。EPG波形描述的基础上的振幅，频率，电压水平，和电的起源，在探针穿透到植物组织中观察到的痕迹。主要波形与植物组织中唾液鞘末端的组织学观察相关联，以确定探针尖端的假定位置。行为活动也推断波形相似性的基础上，与其他Sternorrhyncha，特别是蚜虫和粉虱。此外，我们将特定波形的发生与韧皮部限制性细菌Ca的获得相关联。亚洲黄龙病菌（Liberibacter asiaticus）为D.柑橘。G样木质部汁液摄取波形饥饿和非饥饿木虱的发生进行了比较。通过分析成年雌性的8-h EPG，描述了五种波形：（C）唾液鞘分泌和其他口针途径活动;（D）首次接触韧皮部（与胸喙类报道的其他波形不同）;（E1）韧皮部筛管中推定的唾液分泌;（E2）韧皮部汁液摄入;和（G）可能是木质部汁液摄入。柑橘木虱通过表皮和薄壁组织启动探针通路（C）。有趣的是，没有潜在的下降，观察期间的探针途径阶段，通常记录在蚜虫和其他Sternorrhyncha。一次在C，D。柑橘表现出比开始韧皮部或木质部阶段更高的返回非探测的倾向。在韧皮部阶段之前通常观察到几个探针;在韧皮部接触时观察到波形D，总是紧接着E1。E1以后，D.柑橘要么回到途径活性（C），要么开始韧皮部汁液摄取，这是观察到的最长活性。
Detailed information on probing behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is critical for understanding the transmission process of phloem-limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) associated with citrus 'huanglongbing' by this vector. In this study, we investigated stylet penetration activities of D. citri on seedlings of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pera (Rutaceae) by using the electrical penetration graph (EPG-DC system) technique. EPG waveforms were described based on amplitude, frequency, voltage level, and electrical origin of the observed traces during stylet penetration into plant tissues. The main waveforms were correlated with histological observations of salivary sheath termini in plant tissues, to determine the putative location of stylet tips. The behavioral activities were also inferred based on waveform similarities in relation to other Sternorrhyncha, particularly aphids and whiteflies. In addition, we correlated the occurrence of specific waveforms with the acquisition of the phloem-limited bacterium Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus by D. citri. The occurrence of a G-like xylem sap ingestion waveform in starved and unstarved psyllids was also compared. By analyzing 8-h EPGs of adult females, five waveforms were described: (C) salivary sheath secretion and other stylet pathway activities; (D) first contact with phloem (distinct from other waveforms reported for Sternorrhyncha); (E1) putative salivation in phloem sieve tubes; (E2) phloem sap ingestion; and (G) probably xylem sap ingestion. Diaphorina citri initiates a probe with stylet pathway through epidermis and parenchyma (C). Interestingly, no potential drops were observed during the stylet pathway phase, as are usually recorded in aphids and other Sternorrhyncha. Once in C, D. citri shows a higher propensity to return to non-probing than to start a phloem or xylem phase. Several probes are usually observed before the phloem phase; waveform D is observed upon phloem contact, always immediately followed by E1. After E1, D. citri either returns to pathway activity (C) or starts phloem sap ingestion, which was the longest activity observed.