Is Low Spending or Low Income a Better Indicator of Whether or Not a Household is Poor: Some Results From the 1985 Family Expenditure Survey
Is Low Spending or Low Income a Better Indicator of Whether or Not a Household is Poor: Some Results From the 1985 Family Expenditure Survey
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低支出或低收入是衡量家庭是否贫困的更好指标：1985 年家庭支出调查的一些结果
作者：
P. McGregor;V. Borooah
本文中穷人的识别遵循大多数当代应用工作，包括将福利的规模指标与预定的最低水平进行比较。数据由1985年家庭开支调查提供。制定了两种福利衡量标准，一种是根据收入，反映对贫困的权利分析，另一种是根据支出，反映生活水平。在支出方面排名很低的家庭在收入方面排名靠前的可能性要小得多，反之亦然。对收入衡量所显示的排名的进一步质疑来自于耐用消费品的所有权。支出衡量标准表明，贫困退休人员的数量是收入衡量标准所暗示的数量的三倍多。后一种衡量标准的不稳定性表明，基于采用支出衡量标准的证据的断言可以更有信心。
ABSTRACT The identification of the poor in this paper follows that of most contemporary applied work and consists of comparing a scaler indicator of welfare with a predetermined minimum level. The data is provided by the 1985 Family Expenditure Survey. Two measures of welfare are developed, one based on income which reflects the entitlement analysis of poverty and the other on expenditure, reflecting the standard of living. Households ranked very low by expenditure are considerably less likely to be ranked highly by income than vice versa. Further doubt on the rankings suggested by the income measure is provided by ownership of consumer durables. The expenditure measure suggests that the number of poor retired individuals is more than three times that implied by the income measure. The instability of the latter measure suggests that more confidence can be placed on assertions based on evidence employing the expenditure measure.