Sufficient versus optimal climatic stability during the Late Quaternary: using environmental quality to guide phylogeographic inferences in a Neotropical montane system
Sufficient versus optimal climatic stability during the Late Quaternary: using environmental quality to guide phylogeographic inferences in a Neotropical montane system
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyz162
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Mariano Soley‐Guardia;A. Carnaval;R. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mariano Soley‐Guardia;A. Carnaval;R. Anderson
第四纪气候振荡影响了世界范围内的物种分布，形成了连通性和隔离性的循环，从而影响了种群统计并促进了谱系分化。这些影响已经在温带地区得到了很好的研究。在热带生态系统中，居住在仲山生境的分类群在其所居住的不同山脉中表现出高度的地方性和多样性；这种模式通常归因于过去的气候振荡，但很少有系统地理学研究证实了这一假设。本文将物种分布的生态位模型与分子数据相结合，研究了哥斯达黎加和巴拿马西部高地特有的两种啮齿动物（Reithrodontomys creper和Nephelomys devius）的系统地理模式。在此过程中，我们采用了一种新颖的方法，该方法结合了基本的生态学原理：预期的环境适宜性与种群丰度之间的正相关关系。利用生态位模型预测了末次冰期-间冰期极端气候期间不同适宜性水平的种群连通性和稳定性的潜在格局；然后，我们用线粒体和核标记的群体遗传分析来测试这些预测。由不同适宜性水平引起的详细预测与分子数据有中等到高度的一致性，这取决于物种。总体而言，结果表明，在这些热带山地生态系统中，人口连通性和隔离周期遵循的模式与温带或低地热带生态系统的典型模式相反：即，在较冷的冰期，人口连通性较高，在间冰期（包括今天），人口在山地避难所中处于隔离状态。然而，每个物种的个体主义模式表明了反映其生态位特殊性的潜在广泛的系统地理历史。综上所述，这项研究说明了生态位模型的输出如何使系统地理学推断受益，从而提供更详细的连通性预测和更精细的潜在避难所特征。
Quaternary climatic oscillations affected species distributions worldwide, creating cycles of connectivity and isolation that impacted population demography and promoted lineage divergence. These effects have been well studied in temperate regions. Taxa inhabiting mesic montane habitats in tropical ecosystems show high levels of endemism and diversification in the distinct mountain ranges they inhabit; such a pattern has commonly been ascribed to past climatic oscillations, but few phylogeographic studies have tested this hypothesis. Here, we combine ecological niche models of species distributions with molecular data to study phylogeographic patterns in two rodents endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Reithrodontomys creper and Nephelomys devius). In so doing, we apply a novel approach that incorporates a basic ecological principle: the expected positive relationship between environmental suitability and population abundance. Specifically, we use niche models to predict potential patterns of population connectivity and stability of different suitability levels during climatic extremes of the last glacial–interglacial cycle; we then test these predictions with population genetic analyses of a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker. The detailed predictions arising from the different levels of suitability were moderately to highly congruent with the molecular data depending on the species. Overall, results suggest that in these tropical montane ecosystems, cycles of population connectivity and isolation followed a pattern opposite to that typically described for temperate or lowland tropical ecosystems: namely, higher connectivity during the colder glacials, with isolation in montane refugia during the interglacials, including today. Nevertheless, the individualistic patterns for each species indicate a potentially wide gamut of phylogeographic histories reflecting particularities of their niches. Taken together, this study illustrates how phylogeographic inferences may benefit from niche model outputs that provide more detailed predictions of connectivity and finer characterizations of potential refugia through time.