Reemerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks
Reemerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.78.9.4892-4901.2004
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Webster, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sturm-Ramirez, KM;Ellis, T;Webster, RG
水禽是所有甲型流感病毒的天然宿主，甲型流感病毒在野生水禽中通常是非致病性的。然而，在2002年底，高致病性H5N1流感病毒的爆发导致香港两个公园的野生候鸟和留宿水禽(包括鸭子)死亡。2003年2月，从两名患有急性呼吸窘迫的人身上分离到一种与其中一种病毒密切相关的H5N1禽流感病毒，其中一人死亡。新分离的禽流感病毒的抗原性分析显示，其反应模式与1997年和2001年分离的H5N1病毒不同。这一发现表明，最近在H5N1病毒之间发生了显著的抗原性变异。我们给野鸭接种了1997至2003年间分离的抗原性不同的H5N1流感病毒。2002年新的禽类分离株导致鸭的全身感染，病毒滴度高，多个器官，特别是大脑，都有病理。鸭子患上了急性疾病，包括严重的神经功能障碍和死亡。从鸟类的饮用水和接触过的鸟类身上也分离到了高滴度的病毒，证明了病毒的有效传播。相比之下，1997年和2001年的H5N1分离株并没有在鸭子中持续有效地传播，也没有引起重大疾病。尽管人类分离物的基因组同源性很高，但在鸭子模型中，人类分离物与其禽类同源物显示出显著的生物学差异。这是1961年以来报告的首例野生水禽感染致死性流感病毒病例。
Waterfowl are the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses, which are usually nonpathogenic in wild aquatic birds. However, in late 2002, outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus caused deaths among wild migratory birds and resident waterfowl, including ducks, in two Hong Kong parks. In February 2003, an avian H5N1 virus closely related to one of these viruses was isolated from two humans with acute respiratory distress, one of whom died. Antigenic analysis of the new avian isolates showed a reactivity pattern different from that of H5N1 viruses isolated in 1997 and 2001. This finding suggests that significant antigenic variation has recently occurred among H5N1 viruses. We inoculated mallards with antigenically different H5N1 influenza viruses isolated between 1997 and 2003. The new 2002 avian isolates caused systemic infection in the ducks, with high virus titers and pathology in multiple organs, particularly the brain. Ducks developed acute disease, including severe neurological dysfunction and death. Virus was also isolated at high titers from the birds' drinking water and from contact birds, demonstrating efficient transmission. In contrast, H5N1 isolates from 1997 and 2001 were not consistently transmitted efficiently among ducks and did not cause significant disease. Despite a high level of genomic homology, the human isolate showed striking biological differences from its avian homologue in a duck model. This is the first reported case of lethal influenza virus infection in wild aquatic birds since 1961.