The contribution of gender-role orientation, work factors and home stressors to psychological well-being and sickness absence in male- and female-dominated occupational groups
The contribution of gender-role orientation, work factors and home stressors to psychological well-being and sickness absence in male- and female-dominated occupational groups
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00044-2
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Steptoe, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, O;Steptoe, A
采用问卷调查法，对588名男女护士和387名男女会计人员的工作压力、工作类型和性别角色取向与心理健康和病假的关系进行了研究。我们假设，在男性占主导地位的职业（会计）中工作的女性和在女性占主导地位的职业（护理）中工作的男性的健康可能会受到损害，但这种影响可能会受到工作压力（高需求和低控制的看法），工作和家庭的麻烦，以及传统的男性（工具性）和女性（表现力）心理特征的调节。从172名女性和61名男性护士，从53名女性和81名男性商业会计师的反应进行了分析。女性会计师比其他群体更有可能在医院焦虑和抑郁量表上有较高的焦虑分数，而男护士的病假率最高，男护士和女会计师也报告了更多的工作相关的麻烦比女护士和男会计师。男性和女性在同一职业没有不同的工作压力或工作的社会支持，但护士报告更大的工作压力比会计师，由于较高的评级的要求和较低的技能利用率。在调整了年龄、性别、职业、带薪工作时间和社会期望偏差后，焦虑升高的风险与较高的工作压力、较低的工作社会支持、更多的工作麻烦、更多的家庭责任、较低的工具性和较高的表现力独立相关。在工具性进入回归模型后，性别与焦虑之间的关联不再显著。在过去的12个月里，病假超过三天与更高的工作压力，更多的工作麻烦，更低的工具性和更高的表现力独立相关。研究结果表明，当男性和女性从事的工作在文化和人数上属于少数群体时，可能会对健康产生针对性别的不利影响。与社会构建的性别角色有关的心理特征也可能是相关的，并在一定程度上介导了男女之间心理健康的差异。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
The associations of work stress, types of work and gender-role orientation with psychological well-being and sickness absence were investigated in a questionnaire survey of 588 male and female nurses and 387 male and female accountants. We hypothesised that health might be impaired among women working in the male-dominated occupation (accountancy), and men in the female-dominated occupation (nursing), but that effects might be moderated by job strain (perceptions of high demand and low control), work and home hassles, and traditional male (instrumentality) and female (expressivity) psychological characteristics. Responses were analysed from 172 female and 61 male nurses, and from 53 female and 81 male commercial accountants. Female accountants were more likely than other groups to have high anxiety scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, while male nurses had the highest rates of sickness absence, Male nurses and female accountants also reported more work-related hassles than did female nurses and male accountants. Men and women in the same occupation did not differ in job strain or job social support, but nurses reported greater job strain than accountants, due to higher ratings of demands and lower skill utilisation. After adjusting for age, sex, occupation, paid work hours and a measure of social desirability bias, risk of elevated anxiety was independently associated with higher job strain, lower job social support, more work hassles, more domestic responsibility, lower instrumentality and higher expressivity. The association between sex and anxiety was no longer significant after instrumentality had been entered into the regression model. Sickness absence of more than three days over the past 12 months was independently associated with higher job strain, more work hassles, lower instrumentality and higher expressivity. The results suggest that when men and women occupy jobs in which they are in the cultural and numerical minority, there may be adverse health effects that are gender-specific. Psychological traits related to socially constructed gender roles may also be relevant, and mediate in part the differences in psychological well-being between men and women. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.