Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation
Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation
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节节山羊草基因组序列揭示了小麦适应的基因库
DOI：
10.1038/nature12028
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发表时间：
2013-04-04
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Wang, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jia, Jizeng;Zhao, Shancen;Wang, Jun
大约8,000年前，在新月沃地，野生二倍体粗山羊草（2n = 14; DD）与栽培的四倍体小麦小麦（2n = 4x = 28; AABB）的自发杂交产生了六倍体小麦（T. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD）。由于小麦对各种气候的适应性增强，并改善了用于生产面包粉的谷物质量，因此小麦已成为全世界的主要主食作物。在这里，我们描述了Ae的测序。tauschii基因组，并从具有各种插入片段大小的文库中获得大约90倍深度的短读段，以更好地了解这种遗传复杂的植物。组装的支架占基因组的83.4%，其中65.9%包含转座因子。我们生成了全面的RNA-Seq数据，并使用它来识别43，150个蛋白质编码基因，其中30，697个（71.1%）通过集成的高密度遗传图谱独特地锚定在染色体上。全基因组分析显示，在Ae的基因家族扩展。与抗病性、非生物胁迫耐受性和籽粒品质相关的农艺相关基因家族。这个基因组序列草图提供了对面包小麦环境适应的深入了解，并有助于定义小麦物种庞大而复杂的基因组。
About 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, a spontaneous hybridization of the wild diploid grass Aegilops tauschii (2n = 14; DD) with the cultivated tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28; AABB) resulted in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD). Wheat has since become a primary staple crop worldwide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour. Here we describe sequencing the Ae. tauschii genome and obtaining a roughly 90-fold depth of short reads from libraries with various insert sizes, to gain a better understanding of this genetically complex plant. The assembled scaffolds represented 83.4% of the genome, of which 65.9% comprised transposable elements. We generated comprehensive RNA-Seq data and used it to identify 43,150 protein-coding genes, of which 30,697 (71.1%) were uniquely anchored to chromosomes with an integrated high-density genetic map. Whole-genome analysis revealed gene family expansion in Ae. tauschii of agronomically relevant gene families that were associated with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and grain quality. This draft genome sequence provides insight into the environmental adaptation of bread wheat and can aid in defining the large and complicated genomes of wheat species.