"On the Land-Ocean Contrast of Tropical Convection and Microphysics Statistics Derived from TRMM Satellite Signals and Global Storm-Resolving Models".
"On the Land-Ocean Contrast of Tropical Convection and Microphysics Statistics Derived from TRMM Satellite Signals and Global Storm-Resolving Models".
复制标题
“关于热带对流的陆地-海洋对比以及来自 TRMM 卫星信号和全球风暴解决模型的微物理统计”。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
T. Kubota
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Matsui;J. Chern;W. Tao;S. Lang;M. Satoh;T. Hashino;T. Kubota
热带降雨测量使命（TRMM）的14年气候配置的多传感器信号统计数据揭示了一个明显的陆地-海洋对比以及降水类型，强度和微物理的地理变化。从TRMM降水雷达和微波成像仪（TMI）推断的微物理信息显示了大的陆地-海洋对比的深类，表明大陆对流活力。在陆地上，TRMM显示更高的回波顶高度和更大的最大回波，这表明更高的风暴和更强烈的降水，以及更大的微波散射，这表明存在更多/更大的冻结对流水凝物。这种强烈的陆地-海洋深对流对比在季节和多年的时间尺度上是不变的。因此，可以通过卫星模拟器使用TRMM三传感器三步评估，根据陆地-海洋统计数据对两个全球风暴分辨模型的相对短期模拟进行评估。评价的模型是美国航天局多尺度建模框架和非静力二十面体云大气模型。虽然这两种模拟都可以在一定程度上代表暖降水中的对流陆地-海洋对比，但在NICAM中，陆地上的近地面条件比MMF相对潮湿，这似乎是两种模式之间暖降水结果差异的关键驱动因素。MMF和NICAM在陆地和海洋之间产生了相似的大CAPE频率。干燥的MMF边界层增强了陆地上空的微波散射信号，但只有NICAM增强了陆地上空的深对流频率。这两个模式都不能再现深对流降水微物理中真实的陆地-海洋对比。陆地和海洋之间的真实对比仍然是全球风暴解析建模中的一个问题。
A 14-year climatology of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) collocated multi-sensor signal statistics reveal a distinct land-ocean contrast as well as geographical variability of precipitation type, intensity, and microphysics. Microphysics information inferred from the TRMM precipitation radar and Microwave Imager (TMI) show a large land-ocean contrast for the deep category, suggesting continental convective vigor. Over land, TRMM shows higher echo-top heights and larger maximum echoes, suggesting taller storms and more intense precipitation, as well as larger microwave scattering, suggesting the presence of more/larger frozen convective hydrometeors. This strong land-ocean contrast in deep convection is invariant over seasonal and multi-year time-scales. Consequently, relatively short-term simulations from two global storm-resolving models can be evaluated in terms of their land-ocean statistics using the TRMM Triple-sensor Three-step Evaluation via a satellite simulator. The models evaluated are the NASA Multi-scale Modeling Framework (MMF) and the Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Cloud Atmospheric Model (NICAM). While both simulations can represent convective land-ocean contrasts in warm precipitation to some extent, near-surface conditions over land are relatively moisture in NICAM than MMF, which appears to be the key driver in the divergent warm precipitation results between the two models. Both the MMF and NICAM produced similar frequencies of large CAPE between land and ocean. The dry MMF boundary layer enhanced microwave scattering signals over land, but only NICAM had an enhanced deep convection frequency over land. Neither model could reproduce a realistic land-ocean contrast in in deep convective precipitation microphysics. A realistic contrast between land and ocean remains an issue in global storm-resolving modeling.