Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 1-Overview of Global Status and Research Needs
Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 1-Overview of Global Status and Research Needs
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DOI：
10.1111/tbed.12528
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Vosloo, W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knight-Jones, T. J. D.;Robinson, L.;Vosloo, W.
全球口蹄疫研究联盟定期审查口蹄疫研究状况，以评估进展并确定新的优先事项。在本增刊中，我们提供了全球FMD研究的最新情况，包括（i）这篇概述论文，其中包括关键发现的背景信息，以及涵盖（ii）流行病学，野生动物和经济学，（iii）疫苗，（iv）诊断，（v）生物治疗和消毒剂，（vi）免疫学和（vii）发病机制和分子生物学的论文。审查了口蹄疫研究出版物（2011-2015年），并从世界各地的33个口蹄疫研究机构获得了活动更新。虽然口蹄疫是一种持续的威胁，但在世界上许多地方，利用现有的工具已经有效地控制了口蹄疫。然而，在大多数发展中国家，控制仍然是一个挑战，这些国家几乎没有采取任何措施来了解口蹄疫的持续负担。需要更多的研究来支持地方性感染国家的控制，特别是强有力的实地研究。传统的口蹄疫疫苗有几个局限性，包括保护期短和保护范围短，冷链要求以及与疫苗生产相关的成本和生物安全风险。在开发新型候选疫苗方面取得了重大进展，特别是在使用重组疫苗和病毒样颗粒作为传统灭活全病毒疫苗的替代品方面。需要继续投资，将这些发展转化为大规模生产的改良疫苗。增加对细胞和粘膜免疫的了解将有利于疫苗的开发，因为我们在增强疫苗衣壳稳定性方面的能力将进一步提高。分子生物学和遗传学的发展是口蹄疫研究的许多最新进展的基础，包括改进的疫苗和诊断方法，以及对口蹄疫流行病学的更好理解。遗传分析工具继续变得更加强大和更加负担得起，使它们能够用于解决范围不断扩大的问题。这个快速发展的领域加强了口蹄疫研究的许多领域，应该优先考虑。
The Global Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Research Alliance periodically reviews the state of FMD research to assess progress and to identify new priorities. In this supplement we provide an update of global FMD research, comprising (i) this overview paper, which includes background information with key findings, and papers covering (ii) epidemiology, wildlife and economics, (iii) vaccines, (iv) diagnostics, (v) biotherapeutics and disinfectants, (vi) immunology and (vii) pathogenesis and molecular biology. FMD research publications were reviewed (2011-2015) and activity updates were obtained from 33 FMD research institutes from around the world. Although a continual threat, FMD has been effectively controlled in much of the world using existing tools. However, control remains a challenge in most developing countries, where little has been done to understand the ongoing burden of FMD. More research is needed to support control in endemically infected countries, particularly robust field studies. Traditional FMD vaccines have several limitations including short duration and spectrum of protection, cold chain requirements, and the costs and biosecurity risks associated with vaccine production. Significant progress has been made in the development of novel vaccine candidates, particularly in the use of recombinant vaccines and virus-like particles as an alternative to traditional inactivated whole virus vaccines. Continued investment is needed to turn these developments into improved vaccines produced at scale. Increased knowledge of cellular and mucosal immunity would benefit vaccine development, as would further advances in our ability to enhance vaccine capsid stability. Developments in molecular biology and phylogenetics underlie many of the recent advances in FMD research, including improved vaccines and diagnostics, and improved understanding of FMD epidemiology. Tools for genetic analyses continue to become both more powerful and more affordable enabling them to be used to address an ever-expanding range of questions. This rapidly advancing field potentiates many areas of FMD research and should be prioritized.