Semantic Table-of-Contents for Efficient Web Screen Reading.
Semantic Table-of-Contents for Efficient Web Screen Reading.
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DOI：
10.1145/3412841.3442066
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ashok V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferdous J;Uddin S;Ashok V
众所周知，在网页中的段之间来回导航对于盲人屏幕阅读器用户来说是一项艰巨的奋进，这是由于内容导航的串行性质加上Web开发人员对诸如WAI-ARIA地标和跳过导航链接等可访问性增强功能的不一致使用。如果没有这些支持功能，浏览DOM中通常包含数千个HTML元素的现代网页对于盲人屏幕阅读器用户来说既乏味又麻烦。现有的提高非视觉导航效率的方法通常提出“一刀切”的解决方案，其不适应屏幕阅读器用户的个人需求和偏好。为了填补这一空白，在本文中，我们提出了sTag，这是一个浏览器扩展，它体现了一种半自动的方法，使用户能够轻松地为任何网页创建自己的目录（TOC），只需“标记”他们喜欢的“语义有意义”的片段（例如，搜索结果、筛选选项、表单、菜单等）同时浏览网页。通过这种方式，可以通过生成的TOC对这些段进行所有后续访问，该TOC可以通过特殊的快捷方式或重新设计的鼠标/触摸板动作立即访问。由于sTag中的标签被附加到抽象语义片段而不是网页中的实际DOM节点，因此sTag可以自动为其他类似网页生成等效的TOC，而不需要用户在这些网页中从头开始重复他们的标记工作。对15名盲人屏幕阅读器用户进行的评估显示，与使用最先进解决方案的用户相比，sTag显着减少了内容导航时间和工作量。
Navigating back-and-forth between segments in webpages is well-known to be an arduous endeavor for blind screen-reader users, due to the serial nature of content navigation coupled with the inconsistent usage of accessibility enhancing features such as WAI-ARIA landmarks and skip navigation links by web developers. Without these supporting features, navigating modern webpages that typically contain thousands of HTML elements in their DOMs, is both tedious and cumbersome for blind screen-reader users. Existing approaches to improve non-visual navigation efficiency typically propose ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions that do not accommodate the personal needs and preferences of screen-reader users. To fill this void, in this paper, we present sTag, a browser extension embodying a semi-automatic method that enables users to easily create their own Table Of Contents (TOC) for any webpage by simply ‘tagging’ their preferred ‘semantically-meaningful’ segments (e.g., search results, filter options, forms, menus, etc.) while navigating the webpage. This way, all subsequent accesses to these segments can be made via the generated TOC that is made instantly accessible via a special shortcut or a repurposed mouse/touchpad action. As tags in sTag are attached to the abstract semantic segments instead of actual DOM nodes in the webpage, sTag can automatically generate equivalent TOCs for other similar webpages, without requiring the users to duplicate their tagging efforts from scratch in these webpages. An evaluation with 15 blind screen-reader users revealed that sTag significantly reduced the content-navigation time and effort compared to those with a state-of-the-art solution.