IMPLEMENTATION OF "ONE MUST AND FIVE REDUCTIONS" IN RICE PRODUCTION, IN AN GIANG PROVINCE
IMPLEMENTATION OF "ONE MUST AND FIVE REDUCTIONS" IN RICE PRODUCTION, IN AN GIANG PROVINCE
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江省水稻生产“一要五减”实施情况
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Toan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Trương Thị;N. Chi;T. P. Anh;T. Q. Tuyến;F. Palis;G. Singleton;N. Toan
在安江省进行的家庭调查和焦点小组讨论表明，与对照农民相比，接受13周FFS培训并参与“1必须5减少”模式的FFS农民使用从种子生产商、研究机构和种子公司或农民种子生产团队购买的认证种子，并在省级推广中心/大学的指导下使用。参与该模式的FFS农民也比对照农民更多地使用行播和低播种率。节水（AWD）与“三减三得”（其中害虫综合治理- IPM、平衡施肥、减少播种量）一起训练模型。农民认识到AWD增加植物活力，减少倒伏和病虫害，增加水稻产量并降低抽水成本。然而，AWD在旱季比在雨季更有效，因为农民需要把水抽出来。由于长期的经验、培训和信息，农民对施用平衡肥料有信心。FFS-农民减少了化肥的数量和成本相比，控制农民。FFS-农民比对照农民花费更少的农药成本，因此他们也有更少的劳动力投入。农民熟悉联合收割机和收割机，以减少收获后的损失。然而，更多的FFS农民在收获和干燥水稻比对照农民外，由于一些客观条件，如小地块。在杂草管理、收获、干燥和储存等方面，FFS农户的“一要五减”措施和知识都优于对照农户。在水稻生产中，他们获得了比对照农民更高的净收入。因此，在农村推广“一要五减”的正确策略，可以提高稻米的质量、数量和农民的利益。
Household survey and focus group discussion conducted in An Giang province indicated that more FFS-farmers who underwent 13 weeks - FFS training and participating in the model of “1 Must- 5 Reductions” than control farmers used certified seeds which are bought from seed producer, research institute and seed company or farmers’ seed production team with guidance from provincial extension center/university. FFS-farmers participating in the model also used row seeding and low seed rate more than control farmers. Water saving (AWD) was trained before the model together with “Three reductions- Three gains” (of which integrated pest management- IPM, balance fertilizer, reducing seed rate was trained). Farmers recognized that AWD increases plant vigor, reduces lodging and insect and disease, increases rice yield and reduces cost of pumping. However, AWD is more effective in dry season than in wet season because farmers need to pump water out. Farmers are confident on applying balance fertilizer due to long time experience, training and information. FFS-farmers reduced amounts of fertilizer and cost as compared with control farmers. FFS- farmers spent less cost for pesticide than control farmers, thus they also had less labor input. Farmers were familiar with combine harvesters and reapers to reduce post harvest loss. However, more FFS-farmers applied machines in harvesting and rice drying than control farmers outside due to some objective conditions as small field parcels. FFS-farmers had better practices and knowledge in relation to “One Must and Five Reductions” than control farmers such as weed management, harvesting, drying and storing. They obtained higher net income in rice production than control farmers. Therefore, the sound strategies in dissemination of the “One Must and Five Reductions” can increase rice quality, quantity and farmer’s benefit in the rural areas.