The Aphidius Parasites of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in the Eastern Half of the United States
The Aphidius Parasites of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in the Eastern Half of the United States
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美国东半部豌豆蚜 Acyrthosiphon pisum 的蚜虫寄生虫
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Fuester
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. W. Angalet;R. Fuester
在对美国东半部（向西至南达科他州和内布拉斯加州）的豌豆蚜 Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) 的蚜虫 (Aphidiidae) 寄生虫进行的为期 4 年（1966-70）的研究中，发现了 3 个类群：近北极蚜虫 ervi pulcher Baker、东方蚜虫 smithi Sharma 和 Subba Rao 以及古北界蚜虫。蚜虫 Haliday。使用来自亚洲的 A. smithi 和 A. e. 进行交叉交配测试。来自欧洲的 ervi 证实了这些外来类群在北美的建立。无法诱导 A. smithi 和 A. ervi 的杂交，这证实了它们作为不同物种的地位。
到 1968 年，Aphidius smithi（1958 年从印度引入）已成为南部和中西部各州豌豆蚜的主要寄生虫。然而，到 1970 年底，A. e. ervi 于 1959 年从法国引进，取代了 A. smithi，西至爱荷华州，北至威斯康星州中部。在密西西比州和佐治亚州，A. smithi 仍然是豌豆蚜数量最多的寄生虫。尽管 A. smithi 可以比 A. e. 更成功地竞争。新泽西州穆尔斯敦温室里的 ervi 病毒，在附近的苜蓿田中情况恰恰相反。
到 1970 年底，A. e. pulcher ，与 A. e 进行有限程度的杂交。 ervi ，在调查的任何地区都很少遇到。因此，自引进 A. smithi 和 A. ervi 以来，豌豆蚜造成的损害明显减少，很可能归因于这两个物种。
During a 4-yr (1966-70) study of the Aphidius (Aphidiidae) parasites of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in the eastern half of the United States (westward to South Dakota and Nebraska), 3 taxa were found: the Nearctic Aphidius ervi pulcher Baker, the Oriental Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao, and the Palearctic Aphidius ervi ervi Haliday. Crossmating tests using A. smithi from Asia and A. e. ervi from Europe confirmed the establishment of these exotic taxa in North America. Hybridization of A. smithi and A. ervi could not be induced, which confirmed their status as distinct species.
By 1968, Aphidius smithi , introduced from India in 1958, had become the dominant parasite of pea aphid in the southern and midwestern states. By the end of 1970, however, A. e. ervi , introduced from France in 1959, had displaced A. smithi as far west as Iowa and as far north as central Wisconsin. In Mississippi and Georgia, A. smithi has remained the most abundant parasite of pea aphid. Although A. smithi could compete more successfully than A. e. ervi in the greenhouse at Moorestown, N. J., the opposite was true in nearby alfalfa fields.
By the end of 1970, A. e. pulcher , which hybridizes to a limited extent with A. e. ervi , was rarely encountered in any of the areas surveyed. Therefore, any marked reduction of damage by the pea aphid since the introduction of A. smithi and A. ervi can probably be attributed to those 2 species.