Visual Arithmetic, Computational Graphics, and the Spatial Metaphor
Visual Arithmetic, Computational Graphics, and the Spatial Metaphor
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视觉算术、计算图形和空间隐喻
DOI：
10.1518/001872095778995571
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Gillan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Gillan
与图形交互以执行算术任务的人通常使用定量特征。然而，他们可以在两种情况下使用空间隐喻：如果他们受过训练，可以将视觉算术方法应用于传统的线条图和条形图，或者如果他们与特殊构造和特殊用途的计算图形进行交互。两个实验探讨了一种视觉算术方法，用于训练受试者通过定位一组指标（条形图中的条或线形图中的点）的空间中点来确定平均值。在实验1中，视觉算术受试者确定五个指标的平均值一样快，因为他们没有两个指标的平均值;控制受试者执行较慢的五个指标。两组加五个指标的值比加两个指标所用的时间要多。在实验2中，不像控制对象，视觉算术科目的平均试验的反应时间不受y轴尺度的变化。然而，两组都受到y轴量表的影响。两组都不受指标之间距离变化的影响。讨论了视觉算术训练的任务，不同的训练过程中使用的，用于视觉算术和计算图形，并行处理和任务重组的作用，在视觉算术的转移。
People who interact with graphs to perform arithmetic tasks typically employ quantitative features. However, they may employ the spatial metaphor under two alternative conditions: if they have been trained to apply visual arithmetic methods to traditional line and bar graphs, or if they interact with specially constructed and special-purpose computational graphics. Two experiments explored a visual arithmetic method used to train subjects to determine a mean by locating the spatial midpoint of a set of indicators (bars in a bar graph or points in a line graph). In Experiment 1 visual arithmetic subjects determined the mean of five indicators as quickly as they did the mean of two indicators; control subjects performed slower with five indicators. Both groups took more time to add the values of five indicators than to add two indicators. In Experiment 2, unlike control subjects, visual arithmetic subjects' response times in mean trials were unaffected by changes in the y-axis scale. However, both groups were affected by the y-axis scale on addition trials. Neither group was influenced by changes in the distance between indicators. The discussion addresses the transfer of visual arithmetic training to tasks that differ from the one used during training, uses for visual arithmetic and computational graphics, and the role of parallel processing and task restructuring in visual arithmetic.