Working memory and Stroop interference: An individual differences investigation
Working memory and Stroop interference: An individual differences investigation
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03195290
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Prat, CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, DL;Prat, CS
我们调查了这种说法，即工作记忆容量的个体差异反映了抑制与任务无关的信息和/或在分心或干扰事件面前保持激活的能力受到限制。具体地说，我们调查了高能力个体和低能力个体在Stroop任务中对干扰的敏感性是否不同，以及高能力个体是否采用了将Stroop干扰降至最低的策略。在实验1中，我们发现，当冲突试验不频繁时，高能力参与者表现出实质性的干扰，但当冲突试验频繁时，几乎没有干扰。相比之下，无论冲突审判的比例如何，低能力参与者都表现出了实质性的干扰。在实验2中，我们发现高容量参与者经历了大量的负启动，当要命名的颜色是前一次实验中不相关的单词时，反应缓慢。根据负启动的抑制性和非抑制性，我们讨论了这些结果及其对高容量个体减少Stroop干扰的能力的影响。
We investigated the claim that individual differences in working-memory capacity reflect limitations on the ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information and/or to maintain activation in the face of distracting or interfering events. Specifically, we investigated whether high- and low-capacity individuals differed in their susceptibility to interference on the Stroop task and whether high-capacity individuals employed a strategy for minimizing Stroop interference. In Experiment 1, we found that high-capacity participants showed substantial interference when conflict trials were infrequent, but almost no interference when conflict trials were frequent. In contrast, low-capacity participants showed substantial interference irrespective of the proportion of conflict trials. In Experiment 2, we found that high-capacity participants experienced substantial negative priming, slow responses when the to-be-named color was the irrelevant word on the previous trial. We discuss these results and their implications for high-capacity individuals' ability to reduce Stroop interference in light of both inhibitory and noninhibitory accounts of negative priming.