Social Democracy, Unions, and Pension Politics in Germany and Sweden
Social Democracy, Unions, and Pension Politics in Germany and Sweden
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德国和瑞典的社会民主党、工会和养老金政治
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Traute Meyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Anderson;Traute Meyer
本文探讨了在财政紧缩背景下改革成熟现收现付公共养老金的政治问题。在瑞典和德国，社会民主党领导层都主张改革，以应对类似的财政和人口压力，但瑞典的改革在纠正公认的计划弱点和捍卫社会民主价值观方面更为成功。为了解释这种结果上的差异，我们将重点放在政策遗产以及劳工运动的组织和政治能力上。我们认为，德国现有的养老金政策比瑞典更具约束性，缩小了政治上可行策略的范围。相比之下，瑞典现有的养老金政策为“化恶为德”提供了机会，并为向新制度过渡提供了资金。此外，德国工会的狭隘利益和缺乏与社会民主党的制度化合作阻碍了改革。相比之下，瑞典社会民主党在养老金改革谈判中与非社会主义政党的谈判立场是考虑到蓝领工会的利益而制定的。瑞典工会的广泛利益及其与社会民主党的密切联系促进了改革妥协。
This article investigates the politics of reforming mature, PAYG public pensions in the context of austerity. In both Sweden and Germany, the Social Democratic party leadership advocated reform in response to similar financial and demographic pressures, but the Swedish reform was more successful in correcting perceived program weaknesses and in defending social democratic values. To explain this difference in outcomes, we focus on policy legacies and the organizational and political capacities of labor movements. We argue that existing pension policies in Germany were more constraining in Germany than in Sweden, narrowing the range of politically feasible strategies. In contrast, existing pension policy in Sweden provided opportunities for 'turning vices into virtues' and for financing the transition to a new system. In addition, the narrow interests of German unions and the absence of institutionalized cooperation with the Social Democratic Party hindered reform. In contrast, the Swedish Social Democrats' bargaining position in the pension reform negotiations with the non-socialist parties was formulated with blue collar union interests in mind. The encompassing interests of Swedish unions and their close links with the Social Democrats facilitated a reform compromise.