EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILE SAFETY REGULATION
EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILE SAFETY REGULATION
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DOI：
10.1086/260352
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
PELTZMAN, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PELTZMAN, S
技术研究表明，如果没有法律强制要求在汽车上安装各种安全装置，每年的公路死亡人数将增加20%。然而，这一文献忽略了非监管的安全需求和驾驶员对设备的反应的抵消效应。这篇文章指出，这些抵消实际上是完整的，因此，法规并没有减少公路死亡人数。时间序列（而非横截面）数据表明，以牺牲更多行人死亡和更多非致命事故为代价，在一定程度上挽救了汽车乘员的生命，这种模式与驾驶员对监管的最佳反应是一致的。
Technological studies imply that annual highway deaths would be 20 percent greater without legally mandated installation of various safety devices on automobiles. However, this literature ignores offsetting effects of nonregulatory demand for safety and driver response to the devices. This article indicates that these offsets are virtually complete, so that regulation has not decreased highway deaths. Time-series (but not cross-section) data imply some saving of auto occupants' lives at the expense of more pedestrian deaths and more nonfatal accidents, a pattern consistent with optimal driver response to regulation.