A method for analyzing pollution control policies: Application to SO2 emissions in China
A method for analyzing pollution control policies: Application to SO2 emissions in China
复制标题
污染控制政策分析方法：在中国二氧化硫排放中的应用
DOI：
10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.015
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Fuqiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xu;Wu, Xiaole;Zhang, Fuqiang
以市场为基础的污染治理机制，如污染征收、总量控制与交易等，越来越受到学术界和实践者的关注。了解这些机制下的最优污染价格是监管机构制定合理污染控制政策的前提。本文提出了一种求解给定污染目标的最优污染价格的方法，该方法由成本函数估计和市场均衡分析相结合的两个步骤组成：首先，利用历史数据估计污染者的污染减排成本函数；其次，利用市场模型求解各控制机制下的均衡污染价格。为了举例说明，我们运用该方法研究了中国的二氧化硫排放控制政策，使用了三个主要工业部门（电力、天然气和供水、制造业和采矿业）的二氧化硫排放和减排成本数据集。我们的分析表明，最优税率明显高于中国政府的实际税率，例如，最优税率应为4.92元/公斤，而2010年的实际税率为1.26元/公斤。因此，实际排放结构的效率要低得多：如果实现最优排放结构，2006-2010年期间所有三个部门的总成本节约将为49.7%。这些发现对中国政府具有有益的政策启示。此外，该方法可用于分析不同总量水平（例如，省级经济）或其他污染物（例如，二氧化碳和化学需氧量）的控制政策。(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Market-based pollution control mechanisms such as pollution levy and cap and trade have received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. A good understanding of the optimal pollution price under these mechanisms is a premise for regulators to make sound pollution control policies. In this paper, we propose a method for deriving the optimal pollution price for a given pollution target This method consists of two steps that integrate cost function estimation and market equilibrium analysis: First, historical data is used to estimate the pollution abatement cost functions of the polluters; second, market models are used to solve the equilibrium pollution price under each control mechanism. For illustration, we apply the method to investigate SO2 emission control policies in China, using a dataset of SO2 emissions and abatement costs from three major industry sectors (Electricity, Gas, and Water Supply; Manufacturing; and Mining). Our analysis shows that the optimal levy rate is significantly higher than the actual rate adopted by the Chinese government For example, the optimal levy rate should be 4.92 RMB/kg, while the actual rate is 1.26 RMB/kg in 2010. As a result, the actual emission structure is much less efficient: The overall cost savings would be 49.7% for all three sectors during 2006-2010 if the optimal emission structure is achieved. These findings have useful policy implications for the Chinese government In addition, the method may be applied to analyze control policies at different aggregate levels (for example, provincial economies) or for other pollutants (for example, CO2 and chemical oxygen demand). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.