High-Flux Fast Photon-Counting 3D Imaging Based on Empirical Depth Error Correction
High-Flux Fast Photon-Counting 3D Imaging Based on Empirical Depth Error Correction
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DOI：
10.3390/photonics10121304
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发表时间：
2023-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Xiaofang Wang;Tongyi Zhang;Yan Kang;Weiwei Li;Jintao Liang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaofang Wang;Tongyi Zhang;Yan Kang;Weiwei Li;Jintao Liang
时间相关单光子计数（TCSPC）三维（3D）成像激光雷达系统因其单光子探测灵敏度和皮秒时间分辨率而在弱光3D成像领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，传统的TCSPC系统总是将回波光子通量限制在超低水平以获得高精度深度图像，因此需要花费大量的采集时间来积累足够的光子检测事件以形成可靠的直方图。当回波光子通量增加到中等甚至高时，可以缩短数据采集时间，但光子堆积效应会严重扭曲光子直方图并导致深度误差。为了以更短的采集时间实现高精度TCSPC深度成像，我们提出了一种基于经验深度误差校正的高通量快速光子计数3D成像方法。首先，我们推导了光子通量估计公式，并根据实验数据计算了光子计数激光雷达在不同光子通量下的深度误差。然后，通过数值拟合建立了深度误差与回波光子数之间的函数校正模型。最后，利用函数校正模型对不同采集时间的高光子通量下的深度图像进行校正。实验结果表明，经验误差校正方法可以在保证深度图像适度精度的同时，将图像采集时间缩短约一个数量级。
The time-correlated single-photon-counting (TCSPC) three-dimensional (3D) imaging lidar system has broad application prospects in the field of low-light 3D imaging because of its single-photon detection sensitivity and picoseconds temporal resolution. However, conventional TCSPC systems always limit the echo photon flux to an ultra-low level to obtain high-accuracy depth images, thus needing to spend amounts of acquisition time to accumulate sufficient photon detection events to form a reliable histogram. When the echo photon flux is increased to medium or even high, the data acquisition time can be shortened, but the photon pile-up effect can seriously distort the photon histogram and cause depth errors. To realize high accuracy TCSPC depth imaging with a shorter acquisition time, we propose a high-flux fast photon-counting 3D imaging method based on empirical depth error correction. First, we derive the photon flux estimation formula and calculate the depth error of our photon-counting lidar under different photon fluxes with experimental data. Then, a function correction model between the depth errors and the number of echo photons is established by numerical fitting. Finally, the function correction model is used to correct depth images at high photon flux with different acquisition times. Experimental results show that the empirical error correction method can shorten the image acquisition time by about one order of magnitude while ensuring a moderate accuracy of the depth image.